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Scarlet Fever
Scarlet Fever
Hemolytic streptococcus B group A Acute respiratory infectious disease Clinical features:Fever ,pharyngitis, genernal diffused fresh red eruption and obvious desquamation Complication:heart,kidney and joints diseases
Etiology
Belong to Group A, Hemolytic streptococcus B Gram(+) 0.6-1.0um in diameter Culture:grow in media contained blood Group:depend on the different somatic polysaccharide Ag in cell wall,the bacteria are divided into 19 group(A-U,no I and J).Group A is major. Serum type:Group A is divided into 80 types according to the protein M on surface. Resistance:weak resistance,sensitive to heat,drying,common disinfectant .Live in sputum and pus for several weeks.
Pathogenic substances 1.LTA (lipoteichoic acid):adherence to epithelial cells. 2.Erythrogenic toxin:fever,rash and others 3.Strptokinase:resolve clot,protect blood from coagulation. 4.Hyaluronidase:extension in tissue,resolve hyaluronid. 5. M protein :toxic to WBC and PLT
Source of infection patients and carriers pharyngitismajor source Route of transmission air-borne: respiratory tract wound,birth caral-surgical and puerperal type. Susceptability after infection of group A streptococcus, two Ab produce.antibacterial Ab-type specific no cross reaction,antitoxic Ab-five serotype persist no crass reaction
Epidemiology
So,reinfection is possible especially pharyngitis Epidemic features 1.season:every season,winter and spiring 2.age: every age,children 3.distribution of district Change of disease
Clinical manifestation
Incubation period:2-3days(1-7days) Typical type: 1) Fever:39,1week 2)Pharyngitis:red exudation sore 3)Rash:24h after fever,diffuse erythema,1mm,pastauricular-neck-chest-limbs 4)companied signs:circumoral pallor,pastias lines,raspberry tongue-strawberry tongue. 5)desquqmqtion 6)No pigmentation
Complications
Rheumatic fever Glumerulonephritis Arrhritis
Laboratory findings
Blood Routine:WBC10-20X109/L,N>80% Urine Rt: protein uria ,cast renal complication Bacteriological examination: swab or secretion-culture Dick test:
Treatments
General therapy Isolation 7 days, temperature, puls, BP, glucose, liquid Treatment according to symptoms Pathogen therapy penicillin or erythromycin or cefotomycin adult: 5-7d; child: 10d Complications therapy Carrier penicillin 7days
Control the source of infection isolation patient, treat carriers and pharyngitis for 7 days Interruption of route of transmission mask,disinfect to secrations and infection substances Protect to susceptible populations no vaccine
Prevention