A SITE ANALYSIS OF

PULAU JEREJAK
The Malaysian Alcatraz

Mohammad Syarulnizam Irdina Farhanah Elias Siti Munirah Zazarin Nur Fazlin Zulkifli

KEY PLAN

LOCATION PLAN

JEREJAK ISLAND

SITE PLAN

Defined 100m X 100m boundary

CULTURE AND HISTORY

1786

Early 1786

Arrival of Francis Light

2013

FRANCIS LIGHT
Francis Light, was believed to be the first to set foot on Pulau Jerejak in 1786, before he went on to discover Pulau Pinang.

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Early 1786

Arrival of Francis Light

2013

LEPER
HOSPITAL

1871

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Early 1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

2013

THE LEPER CAMP

1871

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Early 1786

Arrival of Francis Light

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

2013

1871

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

1880

Early 1786

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Oct 28 1914

Arrival of Francis Light

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

2013

1871

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

MEMORIAL
A memorial is located in the island dedicated to two crew members of the Imperial Russian Navy who died when their cruiser Zhemchug was sunk by the cruiser SMS Emden of the Kaiserliche Marine in the Battle of Penang

1880

RUSSIAN

Early 1786

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Oct 28 1914

Arrival of Francis Light

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

2013

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

1880

1930

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

1871

SANATORIUM
After the Second World War, Pulau Jerejak was dubbed as the 'sanatorium' when the island was turned into the refuge for war victims who suffered tuberculosis. Then, the British colonialists decided to build a sanatorium on the eastern side of the island, to accommodate some 150 people who suffered from leprosy and tuberculosis.

Early 1786

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Oct 28 1914

Arrival of Francis Light

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

June 12 1969

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre

2013

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

1880

1930

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

1871

Early 1786

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

Oct 28 1914

Arrival of Francis Light

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

June 12 1969

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre

2013

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

1880

1930

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Oct 1993

1871

The Centre was closed

Early 1786

Oct 28 1914

Arrival of Francis Light

Memorial located for Russian crew members; WWI

June 12 1969

Island designated as health quarantine center for immigrants

1875

Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre 2004 Pulau Jerejak Resort and Spa

1786
Official opening of Leper Hospital (built in 1868)

2013

Leprosarium for Straits Settlement (until 1930s)

1880

1930

After WWII, Sanatorium was established

Oct 1993

1871

The Centre was closed

PULAU JEREJAK
Pulau Jerejak was turned into a tourist attraction in line with efforts to boost Penangs tourism sector. In 2003, the island's only resort, the Jerejak Resort and Spa, took shape and began operations in January the next year. Built on the very spot where the leprosarium used to stand, the resort offers dorms, rooms and chalets for tourists who wish to stay overnight.

MACRO
SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

CLIMATIC STATISTICS

CLIMATIC STATISTICS

RELATIONSHIP
Low temperature -> High Humidity -> High Precipitation High Precipitation and Relative Humidity -> High No. of days with rainfall

High temperature -> Low Humidity -> Low Precipitation

Anomalies (April & May) -> Monsoon season

TIDAL PATTERNS

FACTORS AFFECTING TIDAL PATTERNS

1.The Monsoon Malaysias weather: characterized by two monsoon regimes: Southwest Monsoon (Apr-Sept) Northeast Monsoon (Oct-March) Site (Pulau Jerejak) is affected by the SW Monsoon. Hence, during this period (Apr-Sept), tides are predicted to be high due to high rates of precipitation.

2. WIND PATTERNS
Area receiving most wind is the Southwest (Penang, Malacca, etc)

dominant wind direction

Based on the meteorological data, the occurrence of the SW Monsoon causes temperatures to be high during this period (highest recorded temp. in May: 31C) Also, dominant wind direction between April and September is from the South West

MONTHLY TIDAL PATTERNS OF PULAU PINANG

JANUARY

KEY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

KEY

JULY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

NOVEMBER OCTOBER

DECEMBER

Looking at the average tidal height of each month, it can be summarized that
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

April to July: high tide Jan to March: low tide CONCLUSION: Hypothesis approved -SW Monsoon causes April to Sept: high tide

20

0 Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

SUN PATH ANALYSIS

SUN PATH ANALYSIS

21st April

8am

10am

6pm

Shadow casting due to terrain

LAYERING OF FOREST

60m

EMERGENT LAYER

Anisoptera spp (Mersawa)

Dipterocarpus caudiferus

35m

CANOPY LAYER

Shorea coriacea (Meranti)

Buchanania spp (Otak Udang)

20m

UNDERSTORY LAYER

Eurycoma Long Folia,Tongkat Ali

Vitex (Leban or Kulim Papa)

10m

FOREST FLOOR
Shrubs

SOIL AND ROCKS

Soil Composition
2 46 25 4
Mineral Organic Matter Water

SOIL PROFILE

SCHIST

QUARTZITE

GRANITE

ROCKS

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2001 2003

Removal of historical buildings Ground scars of where structures once stood

STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2005 2008

Overgrowth by vegetation Site was not maintained Previously inhabited areas covered by vegetation

STRUCTURAL CHANGES
2010 2012

Process of quarrying where old structures used to stand Site clearance and removal of topsoil and vegetation

SPATIAL POETICS

ENTRAPMENT

ISOLATIO N

SPATIAL POETICS

HOPE AMIDST DESPAIR

MICRO
SITE ANALYSIS

NEIGHBORING CONTEXT
(EXISTING STRUCTURES)

Then: Arrival Jetty for detainees and leprosy patients. Currently abandoned.

OLD JETTY

OLD OFFICE
Built in 1911 Located near prisoners jetty on The North West of the island. Church converted to an office. Function: Headquarters for warden officials who look after detainees

DETENTION / QUARANTINE CENTRE

Served from 1969-1993
12th June 1969, maximum security prison was established.

ABANDONED RESERVOIR
Reasons why reservoir not necessary: No villages in Jerejak, thus, lowering need for huge water supply. Absence of high mountains/hills indicating more time to fill up reservoir. Hill cutting will cause mudflow and affect island ecosystem.

CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN
Hot and humid Climate Plenty of openings; windows and metal grills Harness most natural lighting during the day Maximum air-flow, Allows for good ventilation

Utilized in Detention Centre & Carpentry Workshop

CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS DESIGN
Overhangs/eaves prevent water from entering building during heavy rain Traps hot air and push it through the air vent design under the roof.

Pitch roofs with large overhangs

Minimizes exposed surface area to sunlight

Sheds rain

MATERIALITY

BRICKS
Strong and Durable Low-maintenance. Acoustic Performance.
Given the dense characteristics of a brick, they are utilized to provide noise insulation between structures.

REINFORCED CONCRETE
Load-Bearing Properties Due to its strength and durability, concrete is used for the erection of supporting structures. Re-usable and recyclable Cost Effectiveness. Due to its longevity and its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, concrete is often the most economical choice

TIN
Heat Transfer Helps to reduce heat build up in attics and finished rooms Tough. Strong enough to resist damage from hail and falling tree limbs Readily Available Tapping on natural resource that is available on the island allows for ease in transportation and lowers cost for materials

VIEWS
Views to site Views through site Views from site

1 2

VIEWS TO SITE

AERIAL VIEW VIEWS TO SITE

2
3 1 2

VIEWS THROUGH SITE

1 2 2

VIEWS THROUGH SITE

VIEWS FROM SITE

NOISE

Noise generated from: *Footsteps and voices of passers-by -Highly evident during 'peak hours' of trekking *Boat engines *Sounds of nature -ranges from the sound of wildlife to the rustling of leaves

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH
Close proximity to shoreline Relatively flat terrain Compacted soil due to previous structural erections and human activities Located close to historical monuments and structures

WEAKNESS
Initially quarried area may cause soil to give way Uneven terrain for certain parts of the site Due to the direction of the current, litter will be deposited along the coastline

OPPORTUNITY
Availability of quarried materials from previous excavations Closest point to Pinang Island has a positive impact on transportation cost Utilization of old structures (jetty) to accommodate tourists

THREATS
Tsunami threats (low-lying area) Loosely packed soil due to persistent excavations