BTECH0202 • FUNDAMENTAL OF INTERNET

TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1
ABOUT THE INTERNET

JANET LAU
FACULTY OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Tel : 603 8317 8833 (8124)
janet@leadership.edu.my
What is the Internet?
• WWW
• Video
conferencing
• ftp
• telnet
• Email
• Instant
messaging
•… BTECH0202
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Internet

Also called the Net

• Is a world-wide collection of networks that

links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.

OR

• Is a world-wide system of interconnected

millions computers
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 What is the Internet?
• The largest network of networks in the
world.
• Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet
switching .
• Runs on any communications substrate.

From Dr. Vinton Cerf,

Co-Creator of TCP/IP

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Why do we need Internet?
• It is all about COMMUNICATION
• A communication infrastructure
• Usefulness is in exchanging
information

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Internet

• There are several different ways to look at

what the Internet actually is.

• At the highest level, the Internet is the

people that use it – the global community
of users.
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Internet

• At another level, the Internet is a set of

protocols that define the rules of how the
computers will transfer information with one
another.
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Internet

• At the lowest level, it is the hardware

behind the computer networks - the
computers, modems, phone lines and
cables that link together to form a huge
network.
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Brief History of the
Internet
It started by the Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an
agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.

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Brief History of the
Internet
ARPA’s GOAL to build a network:

(1) Allowed scientists at different physical

locations
to share information and work together on
military and scientific projects

(2) Could function even if part of the network

were
disabled or destroyed by a disaster
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ARPANET

The network, called ARPANET, became

functional in September 1969, linking
scientific and academic researchers across
the U.S.

• A communication tool
• Used for email, discussion groups and
for exchanging files

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 ARPANET

• The original ARPANET consisted of 4 main

computers. University of California
at Los Angeles

University of Utah

University of California
at Santa Barbara

Stanford Research Institute

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Other Networks

• Similar networks
– BITNET
– CSNET

• Problem
– Trouble communicating with each other because
they used different communications methods

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Solution
• By the end of 1983, Standard
Communication protocol was established
called TCP/IP
– All networks get to connect together and form a
network of networks. This became known as the
INTERNET.

Vinton Cerf is co-designer

of the TCP/IP networking
protocol
“The Father of Internet”

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*** Internet History ***

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 A Brief Summary of the
Evolution of the Internet Mosaic
Age of
eCommerce
Begins
WWW Created 1995
Internet Created 1993
Named 1989
and
Goes
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Created 1984
ARPANET 1972
1969
Hypertext
Invented
Packet 1965
Switching
First Vast Invented
Computer 1964
Network
Silicon Envisioned
A Chip 1962
Mathematical 1958
Theory of
Memex Communication
Conceived 1948
1945

1945 1995
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How the Internet Works
THINKING:
• Did you ever wonder what magical things
go on behind the scenes that results in a
Web Page being displayed on your screen
seconds after you request it?

• How does the data get from one side of the

world to the other?

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Steps of Data Transfer on
Network
• It is broken up into packets.
• A header is added to each packet.
• Explains where it came from, where it should
end up and how it fits in with the rest of the
packets.
• Each packet is sent from computer to
computer until it finds its way to its
destination.
• At the destination, the packets are
examined and make sure all the packets
have been received intact.
• The packets are reassembled into their
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 The Creation of the
Internet
• The creation of the Internet solved the following
challenges:
– Basically inventing digital networking as we
know it
– Survivability of an infrastructure to send /
receive high-speed electronic messages
– Reliability of computer messaging

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Culture of the Internet
• Smilies
– Indicates emotions
:-)  smile
:-|  boring
:(  sad
;-)  sly
<g>  grin
<eg>  evil grin
<vbeg>  very big evil grin

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Culture of the Internet
• Abbreviations
– BTW By the Way
– LOL  Laugh Out Loud / Lots of Laughs
– ROTFL  Rolling On the Floor Laughing
– IMHO  In My Humble Opinion
– OT  Off Topic
– BBFN  Bye Bye For Now
– TTFN  That’s That For Now

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Internet Growth Trends

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Internet Growth Trends
• 1977: 111 hosts on Internet
• 1981: 213 hosts
• 1983: 562 hosts
• 1984: 1,000 hosts
• 1986: 5,000 hosts
• 1987: 10,000 hosts
• 1989: 100,000 hosts
• 1992: 1,000,000 hosts
• 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
• 2002: over 200 million hosts
• By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
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 Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002

250,000,000

200,000,000

150,000,000
No. of Hosts

100,000,000

50,000,000

0
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Time Period

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 Users (Millions)
D
e

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People on the Net

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The Emerging Digital Economy

• To get a market of 50 Million People

Participating:
• Radio took 38 years
• TV took 13 years
• Once it was open to the General Public, The
Internet made to the 50 million person
audience mark in just 4 years!!!

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E-Commerce begins
• 1994 – Pizza Hut accepts an order
for a mushroom, pepperroni and
extra cheese pizza. Within two
years Internet shopping would
become a billion dollar industry.
• 1995 – Sun MicroSystems releases
the Java programming language.
Its facility to use Applets means it
is ideal for the Web.
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Using the Internet
Reasons why people use the Internet
• To find general information about a subject
• To access information not easily available
elsewhere
• To correspond with faraway friends
• To meet people
• To discuss their interests with like-minded people
• To have fun
• To learn
• To read the news
• To find software ex: shareware
• To BTECH0202
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Using the Internet

Why do people put things on the Web?

• To advertise a product
• To sell a product
• To make money
• To share their knowledge with the
world

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Future Directions

• The Internet has come along way

in a very short length of time.
• HTML, Java, and JavaScript make
up the majority of the web at this
present moment.
• This however is beginning to
change.
• ASP’s and JSP’s are evolving to
take over from standard dynamic
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• XML is the latest craze to hit the
web. This is a Markup language
that can be used to mirror HTML as
a layout control language but it
can also give semantic information
of the pages contents making web
searching much easier.

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• The web has become so large that
it is impossible to know what is out
there at this stage. Artificial
Intelligence is being used to help
in search engines and to build
recommender systems to hopefully
make the web a smaller place.

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Question?

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