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Embryology of The Cardiovascular System
Embryology of The Cardiovascular System
Achmad aminuddin
CLINICAL CORRELATION
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT. VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT. TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS. TETRALOGY OF FALLOT.
HEART DEFECTS
ETIOLOGY - COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENT. - GENETIC FACTOR. - ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS
CARDIOVASCULAR TERATOGEN
RUBELLA VIRUS. THALIDOMIDE. ISOTRETINOIN ( VITAMIN A ). ALCOHOL. MATERNAL DISEASES - INSULIN- DEPENDENT DIABETES. - HYPERTENSION.
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY
TRISOMY 18. GENETIC SYNDROME SUCH AS DIGEORGE, GOLDENHAR AND DOWN SYNDROME, MUTATION IN HEART-SPECIFIYING GENE; - NKX2.5, ON CHROMOSOME 5q35, - ASD - TETRALOGY OF FALOT. - A-V CONDUCTION DELAYS. - TBX5 HOLT- ORAM SYNDROME. - LIMB ABNORMALITIES. - A.S.D. - V.S.D.( MUSCULAR PORTION )
ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION
PERSISTEN A-V CANAL combined with atrial and ventricular septal defects. OSTIUM PRIMUM DEFECT usually with a cleft in the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valves.
TRICUSPID ATRESIA
INVOLVES OBLITERATION OF THE RIGHT A-V ORIFICE. ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH ; - PATENCY OF THE OVAL FORAMEN. - VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT. - UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE. - HYPERTROPHY OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE.
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
ECTOPIA CORDIS