OSI Model: A Review

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Layers of OSI Model

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OSI Data Link Layer

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Data Link Layer Accessing the Media

Transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment.

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Data Link Layer Accessing the Media

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Data Link Layer Accessing the Media

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Data Link Layer Accessing the Media

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Data Link Layer Accessing the Media

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Media Access Control Techniques

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Media Access Control Techniques

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TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES
Physical topology defines how the systems are physically connected. It represents the physical layout of the devices on the network.
Bus Ring Star Hybrid or tree Mesh

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TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES
The Logical topology defines how the systems communicate across the physical topologies.
shared media topology token-based topology

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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
BUS - Every packet that is sent in a bus topology is received by all systems on the network.

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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
RING - The ring topology exists when each of the systems is connected to its respective neighbor forming a ring

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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
STAR - the network elements are now connected to some central device

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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
HYBRID or TREE topology is simply a combination of the other topologies.

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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
MESH - Every system is connected to every other system.

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LOGICAL TOPOLOGY

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Media Access Control Techniques

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Media Access Control Addressing and Framing Data Encapsulating packets into frames to facilitate the entry and exit of data on media

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Media Access Control Addressing and Framing Data

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Media Access Control Addressing and Framing Data

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ETHERNET HISTORY
1973 - Xerox invents Ethernet (1973)
1982 - Ethernet standardized between vendors (10Mbps) 1995 - Fast Ethernet

2000 - Gigabit Ethernet

2002 - 10 Gigabit Ethernet 2007 - 100 Gb Ethernet

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CSMA/CD
1973 - Xerox invents Ethernet (1973)
1982 - Ethernet standardized between vendors (10Mbps) 1995 - Fast Ethernet

2000 - Gigabit Ethernet

2002 - 10 Gigabit Ethernet 2007 - 100 Gb Ethernet

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CSMA/CD
CARRIER SENSE, MULTIPLE ACCESS / COLLISION DETECTION
Carrier: network signal Sense: ability to detect Multiple Access: All devices have equal access, no priority Collision: What happens when 2 devices send at once

Detection: How computers handle collisions when they happen (resends data)

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CSMA/CD

CARRIER SENSE, MULTIPLE ACCESS / COLLISION DETECTION Carrier: network signal Sense: ability to detect Multiple Access: All devices have equal access, no priority

Collision: What happens when 2 devices send at once

Detection: How computers handle collisions when they happen (resends data)
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Methods of communicating
1. Unicast sent to a single recipient
2. Broadcast sent to everybody 3. Multicast sent to a group

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MAC Address

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LAYER 1 DEVICE
HUBS
ALL COMMUNICATION is a BROADCAST 1 collision domain, 1 broadcast domain Works at the physical

Collision Domain - How many devices can send or receive at the same time

Broadcast Domain -How far a broadcast will travel before it stops

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LAYER 2 DEVICE
BRIDGE
2 Collision domains learns every MAC Addresses on both sides of the network

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LAYER 2 DEVICE
SWITCH
Each port is a collision domain Full duplex communication Learns MAC addresses

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SWITCH CONFIGURATION

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