References Conclusion

ABSTRACT
Simple mixing and hot pressing methods were used to make high strength and light-weight composite from oil palmempty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using PVAc as an adhesive and silica nanoparticles as a filler. The mechanical strength of the composite was examined in term of compressive strength. The simple mixing method was used to mix composition with PVAc and silica nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles were added as filler. At pressing pressure of 100 MPa, pressing temperature of 300oC, and pressing time of 20 minutes, we found compressive strength of 11,35 MPa. Data analysis of XRD showed that the used silica nanoparticles were in amorphous phase or had broad pattern. The compressive strength data showed that the composites were stronger than the composites made by Masturi and Kumagizuri, and also stronger than the ordinary wood-based composites. Thus, the composites are feasible to be used to replace wood-based composites, especially in furnishings.

References Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
South Sumatera is one of the three major palm tree producing provinces in Indonesia.

OPEFB is one of oil palm mill residue wastes.

References Conclusion

Nanocomposite material consists of two or more organic/inorganic in some combination form separated at least by a molecule and has at least onedimensional nano size [3]. The addition of silica nanoparticles will reinforce the mechanical strength of the composite. s

EXPERIMENTAL
LOCATION
we used OPEFB brought from Tanjung Siapi-api, South Sumatera, Indonesia.

TOOLS
References Conclusion

The measurement of composite compressive strength was performed using a Torsee (Tokyo Testing Machine MFG, Ltd.). The size of silica nanoparticles was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM JEOL JSM-6360LA) and its crystallization was determined by Xray diffraction (XRD).

STEPS

OPEFB were dried and cut into small pieces. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc; FOXTM) was used as an adhesive. In specific mass, it was dissolved in 8 mL of water and stirred for 10 minutes by using magnetic stirrer. OPEFB was then put into the PVAc solution and mixed. The mixture was then put into a cylindrical mold and hot-pressed at varied pressing temperature, time, and pressures. The fabricated samples had diameter of 26 mm and height of 25 27 mm

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Optimum Fraction of POEFB and PVAc SEM and XRD Features Compressive Strength: Addition of Silica Nanoparticles References Conclusion Variation of Pressing Pressure

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Optimum Fraction of POEFB and PVAC
85.00 Compressive Strength (MPa)

80.00
75.00

70.00
65.00

60.00
55.00

References Conclusion

50.00 0.001

0.003

0.005 POEFB Fraction (w/w)

0.007

0.009

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

SEM and XRD Features

References Conclusion

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Compressive Strength: Addition of Silica Nanoparticles

110.00 Compressive strenght (MPa) 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 0.001

References Conclusion

0.003

0.005 Fraction of silica (w/w)

0.007

0.009

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Variation of Pressing Pressure
140 120 Pressing Pressure (MPa)

100

80

150 C 125 C 175 C 200 C 225 C

References Conclusion

60

40

40

50

60

70 Compressive Stress (MPa)

80

90

100

CONCLUSION
1
References Conclusion
These results are better than those of Masturiof home-waste composite[7]in which its compressive strength is 84,37MPa and also better than Kumagai and Sasaki of rice husk composite reached 55,7 MPa[10]. Thus, the composite is feasible to replace wood-based composite, especially in furnishing. We succeeded in making composites with simple mixing and hot pressing methods by using OPEFB, PVAc, and silica nanoparticles.

Mass fraction of PVAc/OPEFB of 13 : 2 has compressive strength of 82,88 MPa. Composite with high compressive strength of 100,39 MPa was obtained using silica nanoparticles at a pressing pressure of 80 MPa, pressing temperature of 150 oC, and pressing time of 20 minutes. When the pressing pressure of 100 MPa was applied, the compressing strength increased until reached a saturation value at 115,35 MPa. The same condition occured by varying pressing time.

References
I. Sriyanti., Mikrajuddin, Khairurijal dan L. Marlina. Fabrikasi material nanokomposit yang kuat, ringan dan murah dengan memanfaatkan serbuk kayu dan matriks resin. Laporan Hibah Pekerti Tahun I. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Sriwijaya: Unpublished. Mikrajuddin, A.,Okuyama K. Zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by a simple heating: effect of polymer addition and polymer absence on morphology. Proceedings ITB on Enggineering Science, 35B (2004) 140-152. Stephanie, Yoshimichi,Ohki, Takahiro Imai, Toshikatsu Tanaka, Josef Kindersberger. Tree initiation characteristic of epoxy resin/clay nanocomposites. J IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 16.5(8) (2009) 1473.

References Conclusion

Morgan, A. B., Gilman, J. Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: a comparative study. J. App. Polym. Sci. 87, (2003) 1329-1338.

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