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12 Infection Control Final 08 3
12 Infection Control Final 08 3
Objectives
Understand basic infection control (IC) concepts Understand the causes of nosocomial infections Understand the components of an infection control program Understand how the Infection Control Committee and DTC can decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Outline
Key Definitions Activity 1 Introduction Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections Control and Prevention of Nosocomial Infections Core Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Nosocomial Infections Implications for the DTC Activity 2 Summary
Activity 1
Description of participants infection control and preventions programs
IntroductionDevelopment of AMR
Poor or absent IC practices, especially in intensive care units, results in cross-transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Hours -5
0 -1 -2 0 -3 -4
10
Source: Modified from Larson, E. 1988. Guideline for Use of Topical Antimicrobial Agents. American Journal of Infection Control 16:253.
Sterilized items must be stored in enclosed clean areas Items or devices that are manufactured for single use should not be reprocessed (e.g., disposable syringes and needles)
Urinary catheters
Avoid in-dwelling urinary catheters whenever possible. Use closed drainage systems.
Respiratory Therapy
Mechanical ventilation and respiratory equipment
Use only when absolutely necessary. Use suction catheters only once (or reprocess them appropriately). Ensure that all equipment has ethylene oxide sterilization or high-level disinfection before use. Wean patient early from ventilators. Ensure proper handling of inhalation medications and supplies.
Use antibiotic prophylaxis only when indicated and according to established protocols.
Provide sterile instruments in individually wrapped sterile packages.
Establish protocols recommending use of the most cost-effective agents when treatment is indicated
Therapeutic guidelines Prophylactic guidelines Guidelines for surgical prophylaxis
Effect of Appropriate Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Surgical Site Infections after Cesarean Section
Period I 100 90 Period II Period III 18
80
70
16
14
60
12
10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
50 40 30 20 10 0
Month
20
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Skin preparation Surgical technique Prenatal factors Peripartum events
4
3 4 3 4
4
4 4 1 2
Short
Short Medium Long Medium
Monitor IV and injection preparation and administration, Evaluate/review antimicrobial use (DUE) Promote and advocate for the Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT) (from RPM Plus/MSH) to improve IC practices
Activity 2
Review the current session and make recommendations for your hospital or primary care clinic for starting an Infection Control Committee, improving the current committee, or making an Infection Control Subcommittee of the DTC.
Summary (1)
IC procedures are vital to preventing nosocomial infections and for controlling hospital costs.
Simple, inexpensive strategies can prevent many infections. DTC can support many IC activities. Hand washing and use of appropriate antiseptics and disinfectants Monitoring IV and injection preparation and administration DTC should actively promote better use of antimicrobials. Guidelines for treatment and surgical prophylaxis Selection of appropriate antimicrobials for the formulary Antimicrobial use reviews
Summary (2)
Infection Control Committees or programs, when functioning effectively, will
Reduce the spread of infectious diseases