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Click on each planet to learn more!

Rocky Planets

Gaseous Planets

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The Solar System

Sun Mass [x Earth] 333000

Diameter [km]

1392000

Surface Sun viewed in soft X ray Temp [C]

6000

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The Solar System

Mercury

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km] Distance from Sun [Million km] Time taken to travel around Sun Time taken to spin once on axis

0.05 4880 58 88 days 59 days 350

0 moons

Surface Temp [C]

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The Solar System

Venus

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

0.81 12112

Distance from Sun 107.5 [Million km] Time taken to travel 224 days around Sun Time taken to spin 243 days once on axis 0 moons Surface Temp [C] 460

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The Solar System

Earth

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

1 12742

Distance from Sun 149.6 [Million km] Time taken to travel 365 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 hours once on axis 1 moon Surface Temp [C] 20

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The Solar System

Mars

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

0.11 6790

Distance from Sun 228 [Million km] Time taken to travel 687 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 h 37m once on axis 22 moons Surface Temp [C] - 23

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The Solar System

Jupiter

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km] Distance from Sun [Million km] Time taken to travel around Sun Time taken to spin once on axis

318 142600 778 11.9 years 9h 50m -120

16 moons [+ 1 ring]

Surface Temp [C]

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The Solar System

Saturn

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

95 120200

Distance from Sun 1427 [Million km] Time taken to travel 29.5 around Sun years Time taken to spin 10h 14m once on axis 17 moons [+ rings] Surface Temp [C] -180

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The Solar System

Uranus

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

14.5 49000

Distance from Sun 2870 [Million km] Time taken to travel 84 years around Sun Time taken to spin 10h 49m once on axis 15 moons [+ rings] Surface Temp [C] -210

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The Solar System

Neptune

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

17.5 50000

Distance from Sun 4497 [Million km] Time taken to travel 165 years around Sun Time taken to spin 15h 48m once on axis 8 moons Surface Temp [C] -220

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The Solar System

Pluto System

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

0.003 2284

Distance from Sun 5900 [Million km] [variable] Time taken to travel 248 years around Sun Time taken to spin 6.4 days once on axis 1 moon Surface Temp [C] -230

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Match up the planet with its correct statement

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The Solar System

Using the information youve gathered, plot a graph of surface temperature [y] against distance from sun [x]:
500 400 300

Surface Temp. [C]

200 100 0 0 -100 -200 -300 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

What happens to the surface temperature of planets as they get further away from the sun?

Distance from Sun [Million km]

Predict the surface temperature of a planet which is 7000 km away from the sun.
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Planet Postcards

1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about. You cannot choose Earth. 2. Using books or any other sources of information find out five facts about that planet. 3. Design a postcard from that planet. You need to draw a front to the postcard that suits your planet. 4. Write a postcard to someone on earth as if you visiting the planet you have chosen. You must use your five facts in your postcard.

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Planet Postcards

1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about. 2. Find out about that planet using books and other sources of information.

3. Design a travel brochure to encourage people to come and visit the planet. You could tell people: - how they can get there and how long it will take - the climate of the planet - where they will stay - what sights they can see on the planet

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The Earth & Beyond

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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night

How long is one day?

24 hours

How long is one year? 365 days

Planet Earth spins on its tilted axis and orbits the Sun.

This causes days & nights and the seasons.

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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night

SUNLIGHT
The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.
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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night

It is 04:00 in London
Casablanca Philippines Antanarivo Pretoria
Place Casablanca Pretoria Antanarivo Philippines GMT +1 +2 +3 +8 Time

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The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons

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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table.

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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table.

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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table.

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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table.

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The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons

East

West
Autumn

Copy the diagram above and add two sun lines one for Summer and one for Winter.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

The Sun and the Moon look about the same size from Earth - theyre not.

The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon

but is 400 times further away! The Moon takes just over 27 days to orbit the Earth.

SUNLIGHT

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

These are called the phases of the Moon.

SUNLIGHT
N.B. This is the view from Earth

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Crescent Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Half Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Gibbous Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Full Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Gibbous Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Half Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

Crescent Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

New Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.

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 Boardworks Ltd 2003

The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon

1. 2. 3. 4. The Moon does not produce its own light - how can we see it? How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth? Why do we always see the same side of the Moon? Why do we only see a Full Moon once a month?

5.
6.

What is a New Moon?

What force keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth?

7.

Why is there very little atmosphere on the Moon?

Homework : Find out how the Moon causes tides.

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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes in between the Sun and the Earth. This casts a shadow over the Earth. The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11th August 1999. Solar eclipses dont occur very often. A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon. This casts a shadow over the Moon. Lunar eclipses happen in most years.

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During During aa lunar lunar eclipse eclipse the the Moon Earth is blocks on thethe opposite Suns Where must the Moon bereaching for a lunar eclipse light side from of the Earth to the the Moon. Sun. to take place?

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During During a solar a solar eclipse eclipse the the Moon Moon moves blocks directly the Where must the Moon be for a and solar eclipse take place? Suns between rays from the reaching Sun part the of Earth. the to Earth.

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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Why do eclipses only last a few minutes? Why do you think ancient people were frightened of eclipses? What causes an eclipse of the Sun [Solar eclipse]? What causes an eclipse of the Moon [Lunar eclipse]? What would a lunar eclipse look like if you were an astronaut standing on the Moon? Draw 2 simple ray diagrams in your books a) and b) Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse

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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses

Always use eclipse viewers, NEVER look directly at the sun.

solar eclipse diagram

The Earth

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

For thousands of years humans have been fascinated by the night sky and what lay beyond it.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

Science Fiction writers first suggested the idea that we could put artificial satellites into orbit around the Earth. This only became reality in 1957 when the Soviet Union placed Sputnik I and Sputnik II into orbit [Sputnik II contained a live dog!]. Today, artificial satellites are launched very frequently by space shuttles and unmanned rockets.

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES : Stay above the same place on Earth. Speed of orbit matches the Earths rotation. Used for communications, satellite TV, weather forecasting, intelligence, GPS.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

POLAR ORBIT SATELLITES : Low orbit around the Earth passing over North and South poles.

Earth rotates underneath them as they orbit.

Used for large-scale mapping and global weather monitoring.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

Meteorites, the Solar Wind and space junk all travel very quickly through space and can damage satellites.

Astronauts need to space-walk in order to fix them.

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

Astronomical satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope [HST] are large telescopes placed in a high orbit far from the effects of the Earths atmosphere. It can see much further into space and give us images of stars and galaxies many light years away, like this cartwheel galaxy.

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

Our search for answers and clues to the origin of the solar system and the possibility of life elsewhere led to the development of unmanned space probes. For years, science fiction has brought us stories of Martians - but could they really exist? Or have existed? On July 4th 1997, NASA launched the Pathfinder Discovery Mission to Mars. It cost $150 million and used the Sojourner Rover buggy to test Mars atmosphere, surface and weather, amongst other things.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

Mars

Mass [x Earth] Diameter [km]

0.11 6790

Distance from Sun 228 [Million km] Time taken to travel 687 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 h 37m once on axis 22 moons Surface Temp [C] - 23

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

The Sojourner Rover

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

The tests carried out by the Rover showed that Mars is much more like the Earth than was expected.

Was Mars like the Earth until something catastrophic happened?

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

The tests also showed that the crust of Mars is very similar to continental crust on Earth and that volcanoes had played a part in Mars formation.

Why did the volcanoes stop?

Did the gases they gave out kill any Martian life?

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

The surface of Mars has undergone intense erosion by massive floods and by strong winds.

Did it rain on Mars?

How much water was there on Mars?

Was there life in the water?

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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Give 2 uses of artificial satellites. What is meant by a geostationary orbit? What problems do satellites encounter in space? Why do astronauts have to wear space suits when repairing satellites? Why can the Hubble Space Telescope see much further into space and produce much clearer images than telescopes on Earth. Why didnt NASA send astronauts to Mars instead of spending millions of dollars on the Pathfinder Discovery Mission? Give 2 reasons why there is unlikely to be life on Mars?
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6.

7.

1.

What is the name of this planet?

A B C

Earth Jupiter Pluto

Venus

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2.

What force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?

A
B C D

Friction
Upthrust Gravity Nuclear

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3. What object from the Solar System is shown?

A
B C D

Comet
Planet Asteroid Moon

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4.

How long does it take the Earth to spin once on its axis?

A
B C D

28 days
24 hours 365.25 days 365 days

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