Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
WHAT IS SCIENCE ?
Study Of NATURAL PHENOMENA
Through OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian) And SYSTEMATIC EXPERIMENTS
THE IMPORTANCE (Kepentingan) AND BENEFITS (Kebaikan) OF SCIENCE IN OUR DAILY LIFE
1. Help us find out about ourselves, plants and animals, our environment (alam sekitar) and things around us.
Area
1 Agriculture (Pertanian)
IMPORTANCE
TECNOLOGY
Chemical fertilizers, Harvesting machines
2 Medicine Find new (Perubatan) medicine and allows early detection and treatment
Area
IMPORTANCE
TECNOLOGY
3 Transportation To move around Cars, lorries, (Pengangkutan) the world and to ships, boats, transport things aeroplanes 4 Industry Produces more Foods, drinks, and better stuffs clothings
5 Communication Talk to a person Telephones, (Perhubungan) anywhere in the internet, e-mails, world satellites
Area
6 Education
IMPORTANCE
TECNOLOGY
Computers, projectors, videos, televisions Telescopes, rockets
7 Astronomy
Facilitates the teaching and learning process Explore and do research on outer space
SCIENCE
PHYSICS
CHEMISTRY
SCIENCE-RELATED CAREERS
(PEKERJAAN BERKAITAN SCIENCE)
BRANCH OF SCIENCE 1 2 3 4 5 Biology Chemistry Physics Geology Medicine FOR THE STUDY OF Living things (Plants and animals) Substances and their reactions Motion, forces, heat and light Rocks and minerals Human body CAREERS Biologist, teachers, lecturer Chemist Engineer Geologist Doctor, Lecturer
SCIENCE-RELATED CAREERS
5) What are the three main branches of science? i) ii) iii) 6) Give Three examples of science-related careers i) ii) iii)
SCIENCE-RELATED CAREERS
1) What are the three main branches of science? i) biology ii) chemistry iii) physics 2) Give Three examples of science-related careers i) doctors ii) science teacher iii) engineer
TEXTBOOK : PAGE 7
HOMEWORK
NOTE BOOK: 1. Laboratory safety rules (pg: 6) No : 1 8 2. Hazard warning symbols (pg 7)
HOMEWORK
EXERCISE BOOK: Page 5 Question 1 Question 2 healthy (sihat) lamps (lampu) Developing (maju)
HOMEWORK
Question 3: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ASTRONAUT ENGINEER TEACHER PILOT DOCTOR NURSE 7. MECHANIC 8. ELECTRICIAN 9. DENTIST 10. PHARMACIST 11. CHEMIST 12. SCIENTIST
LABORATORY APPARATUS
TEXTBOOK PAGE: 9
LABORATORY APPARATUS
N0 NAME 1 Test Tube APPRATUS USE To hold liquids (4 LINES) or chemicals in small amount
2 3 16
Beaker
1st TEST
What is Science? Natural Phenomena and examples 3 main fields of science Science related career Safety rules Hazard warning symbols Apparatus and the uses
WRITING A REPORT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. TITLE (TAJUK) OBJECTIVE APPARATUS AND MATERIALS (RADAS DAN BAHAN) PROBLEM STATEMENT (PENYATA MASALAH) HYPOTHESIS PROCEDURE / METHOD (KAEDAH) VARIABLES (PEMBOLEHUBAH) - CONSTANT (TETAP) - MANIPULATED (MANIPULASI) - RESPONDING (BERGERAK BALAS)
8. RESULTS / OBSERVATION
( KEPUTUSAN / PEMERHATIAN)
9. CONCLUSION ( KESIMPULAN)
Textbook pg : 13
Experiment Report
7.3.2007
TITLE
Objective : To identify the relationship between the length of a pendulum and the period of a complete swing
Apparatus and Materials: Metal bob, string, scissors, meter ruler, retort stand and stopwatch Problem Statement: Does the length of a simple pendulum affect the swing of the pendulum? Hypothesis:
The simple pendulum will swing slower if the string is longer
Procedures: 1. Set up the simple pendulum.. 2. Displace the metal bob.. 3. Stop the stopwatch 4. Record the time for 20
Variables: Constant : weight of pendulum Manipulated : length of pendulum Responding : period of time
Results:
Length,l Time for 20 complete swings (s) Time for 1 complete (cm) swing Average 1 2 3 15 25 35
45
Results:
Length,l Time for 20 complete swings (s) (cm) Average 1 2 3 15 25 8 10 7 12 9 11 10+12+11
3 = 11
11 20 = 0.55
35 45
14 19
15 21
16 20
Results:
Length,l Time for 20 complete swings (s) Time for 1 complete (cm) swing Average 1 2 3 15 25 35 8 10 14 7 12 15 9 11 10+12+11 16
3 14+15+16 3 19+21+20 3
11 = 11 20 = 0.55
45
19
21
20
15 = 15 20 20 = 20 20
= 0.75
= 1.00
HOMEWORK
NOTEBOOK: pg 15 1.4 Physical Quantities and Their Units
We measure these quantities in SI units. SI is an
abbreviation..
HOMEWORK
Standard form and prefixed form Pg 16, 17
HOMEWORK
Exercise book: pg 14 Exercise 1.3 (pg:14)
Table 1.4 , pg 16
Symbol
k c m
Multiplying Factor
X 103 X 10-2 X 10-3
Value
1000 0.01 0.001
Prefixed form 5 kg 6 mm
0.06 m
8 000 000 K
6 cm
8MK
6 x 10-2 m
8 x 106 K
1m = 1000mm
Standard Form
Example: 1. 1000 m = 1 x 103 m 2. 0.02 m = 2 x 10-2 m
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12
5000 K = 9 300 000 m = 0.003 m= 0.000 000 008 s = 0.000 0094 A = 6800 000 K = 9 000 000 000 m = 0.01 s = 0.4 s = 2500 g =
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12
5000 K = 5 x 103 K 9 300 000 m = 9.3 x 106 m 0.003 m = 3 x 10-3 m 0.000 000 008 s = 8 x 10-9 s 0.000 0094 A = 9.4 x 10-6 A 6800 000 K = 6.8 x 106 K 9 000 000 000 m = 9 x 109 m 0.01 s = 1 x 10-2 s 0.4 s = 4 x 10-1 s 2500 g = 2.5 x 103 g
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12
5000 K = 5 x 103 K = 5kK 9 300 000 m = 9.3 x 106 m = 9.3 Mm 0.003 m = 3 x 10-3 m = 3mm 0.000 000 008 s = 8 x 10-9 s = 8ns 0.000 0094 A = 9.4 x 10-6 A = 9.4A 6800 000 K = 6.8 x 106 K = 6.8 MK 9 000 000 000 m = 9 x 109 m = 9Gm 0.01 s = 1 x 10-2 s = 1cs 0.4 s = 4 x 10-1 s = 4ds 2500 g = 2.5 x 103 g = 2.5 kg
X 1012 X 109
X 10-1
0.1
8 9 10 11
12
13
pico
femto
Convert the value of basic quantity value into prefixed form and standard form
5. 9000 g = 6. 0.000 008 s = 7. 0.005 m = 8. 6 000 000 000 K = 9. 0.000 004 A = 10. 2000 m =
5. 9000 g = 9 x 103 g = 9kg 6. 0.000 008 s = 8 x 10-6s = 8s 7. 0.005 m = 5 x 10-3m = 5mm 8. 6 000 000 000 K = 6 x 109 K = 6GK 9. 0.000 004 A = 4 x 10-6 A = 4A 10. 2000 m = 2 x 103 m = 2km
Kilogram (kg) Lever balance, triple beam balance, electronic balance Characteristic Mass of an object does not changes property
Newton (N) Newton spring balance Weight of an object changes from place to place Nilainya mengikut daya tarikan graviti
Mass Definition Unit Measuring tool Quantity of matter Kilogram (kg) gram (g)
Earth Moon
In outer space
60 kg 60 kg
60 kg
600 N 100 N
0 N
Metre (m)
1 m = 100 cm
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 1000 mm
1 cm = 0.01 m
1 mm = 0.1 cm
1mm = 0.001 m
A
B C
82
67 107
8.2
6.7 10.7
0.082
0.067 0.107
25.1cm 18.9cm
25.1cm 19.0cm
Height (cm)
3. Thread and meter rule: To measure the length of curved lines 4. External calipers: To measure the external diameter of a sphere or cylindrical object.
5. Internal calipers: To measure the internal diameter of a cylindrical object.
A E
DH=?
MEASURING AREA
MEASURING AREA
1. The area of shapes can be estimated using: a) A formula for regular shape
2. The steps are: i) Trace the shape of the object on graph paper with a pencil.
ii) Count the number of squares that are completely, half or more than half covered by the shape
MEASURING AREA
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
1. S.I. unit is cubic meters (m3) 2. Measuring cylinder: To measure the volume of a liquid 3. Burette: To measure a small volume of a liquid accurately
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
4. The volume of a regular or an irregular solid can be measured by using the water displacement method
Solid
Small stone
Solid
Volume of cork
cork
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
3. Today the International System (SI) of units is used by scientist all over the world
4. Since then, information based on researches by scientist all over the world can be shared, exchange or used accurately and without confusion 5. Now, scientific knowledge can be transferred internationally