SELF-BIASING LOW POWER ADAPTIVE PHOTORECEPTOR adaptation and suppression of mismatch logarithmic response the self-biased photoreceptors active

amplification is powered proportional to the illumination, so its power consumption scales directly with illumination Ibg +i composed of a steady background Ibg and a varying small-signal component i

A single Mb can be shared among an array of N photoreceptors to provide a common bias that is proportional to the summed photo current

A 128128 120dB 30mW Asynchronous Vision Sensor that Responds to Relative Intensity Change 2006

The pixels circuit combines continuous-time logarithmic photosensor with a self-timed switched-capacitor amplifier. Each pixel continuously monitors its photocurrent for changes. It responds with an ON or OFF event that represents a fractional increase or decrease in intensity that exceeds a tunable threshold. Events are communicated asynchronously off-chip on a self timed bus using the address-event representation (AER) protocol

A 128 128 120 dB 15 s Latency Asynchronous Temporal Contrast Vision Sensor 2008

Very Wide Range Tunable CMOS/Bipolar Current Mirrors with Voltage Clamped Input 1998

A 3.6 us Latency Asynchronous Frame-Free Event-Driven Dynamic-Vision-Sensor 2011

Lichtsteiner used a gain of 20 for differentiator stage,which required a C1/C2 capacitor ratio of 20, resulting in a high capacitor area consumption. Actually, most of the pixel area (almost 50%) was consumed by these two capacitors. In our case, since we introduce extra gain through the preamplifiers, we only implemented a gain of 5 for the switched capacitor differential stage, thus helping to reduce the overall pixel area. If the CMOS process offers the possibility of usingMiM capacitors, Lichsteiners design would be much more area efficient.

Schematic of a preamplifier biasing cell. This cell is repeated 128 times along a row. a row of 128 preamplifier biasing cells that detect the average illumination along that row which adapts the DC levels of the preamplifiers voltage biases Vadc1 Vadc2

Vadc1 and Vadc2 adapt dynamically to global illumination changes, so that global illumination can change over several decades while the preamplifier stages remain properly biased.

Detail of feedback amplifiers Af1, Af2

A 128 128 1.5% Contrast Sensitivity 0.9% FPN 3 s Latency 4 mW Asynchronous Frame-Free Dynamic Vision Sensor Using Transimpedance Preamplifiers 2013

Leeros (d)scheme has two major drawbacks. The first is that the gain of the pre-amplification stage was dependent on the relative aspect ratios between a PMOS and an NMOS transistor. As transistor aspect ratios suffer from high mismatch, the contrast sensitivity from pixel to pixel had highermismatch than in Delbrcks implementation . The second drawback is that for proper operation, the pre-amplification stage has to be biased in strong inversion. Although transistors were properly sized to operate in strong inversion with moderate currents, the current consumption was still high (2.2 A pixel), a factor 5 higher than in Delbrcks DVS. Fig. 2(e) illustrates the novel concept used for the DVS being presented. each diode-connected transistor is biased in weak inversion.