Thc hin: Phan Hp Thng

Mt s khi nim
H thng ni t:
Cc tip a
H thng ni t t nhin
H thng ni t nhn to
H thng ni t lm vic
H thng ni t bo v
.
c im ca qu trnh phn tn
dng in trong t.
Phn b dng chm t.
d
d
d
X
I
U
. . 2
.
t

=
d
d
d
X
I
U
. . 2
.
t

=
d
d
d
X
I
U
. . 2
.
t

=
Xd: Bn knh bn cc
Id: dng in t.
Vai tr ca bo v ni t.
To mch c in dn
ln
Gim phn lng dng
in qua ngi

R
d

R
dn

R
ng

R
ph

I
d

R
td

R
dn

R
ph

I
d

d ng
d d
ng
td d
ng
R R
R I
R
R I
I
+
= =
. .
S thay th .
Cu trc bo v ni t.


Hnh. Cc loi h thng ni t
a) Ni t ngoi bin;
b) Ni t bao quanh.
a)

b)
. in p tip xc
U
tx1
- h thng ni t ngoi bin;
U
tx2
- h thng ni t bao quanh.
Cc tip a
Thanh ni
U
tx2

U
tx1

Tnh ton ni t.
Tnh ton ni t theo in tr ni t yu cu (R
yc
)
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:
a)Xc nh in tr yu cu ca h thng ni t

()
Trong
I
d
dng in ngn mch chy trong t, A;
U
L
- in p tnh ton c gi tr U
L
s U
cp
;
U
cp
- gi tr c p tip xc cho php









d
L
yc
I
U
R =
Tnh ton ni t.
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:
b)Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to

()

Trong :
R
n.tao
- in tr ca h thng ni t nhn to;
R
tn
- in tr ca h thng ni t t nhin.









yc tn
yc tn
tao n
R R
R R
R

=
.
.
Tnh ton ni t.
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:
c)Chn in cc tip a v xc nh in tr
(Xem bng ph lc)

d)Xc nh s lng in cc cn thit khi cha tnh
n thanh ni ngang











tao n
dc
R
R
n
.
1
=
Tnh ton ni t.
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:
e) Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to(c thanh ngang)


R
nga
- in tr ca thanh ni ngang c tnh n h s s
dng.


:in tr thanh ni ngang.
: h s s dng ( la/l v n)


tao n nga
tao n nga
tao n
R R
R R
R
.
.
.
'
. '
'

=
nga
nga
nga
R
R
q
= '
nga
R
nga
q
Tnh ton ni t.
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:







S b tr cc

l
a
l
a

l
Tnh ton ni t.
1.Trnh t tnh ton i vi t ng nht:
f ) Xc nh s lng in cc chnh thc:


Vi q
dc
- h s s dng ca cc in cc
g) Kim tra k n nh ca h thng:

k n nh:
F
min
s F
nga



tao n dc
dc
R
R
n
.
' . q
=
C
t
I F
k
d
=
min
Tnh ton ni t.
2) Tnh ton ni t trong trng hp c hai lp
t khc nhau.
in tr cc c tnh:


k
kdn
- h s khng ng nht


n: s thanh ngang.
)
) 1 ( 2
2
ln .
. 4
.(ln
) 1
. 2
.( 1
1
. . 2
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
=

=
n h l
hn l
k
d
l
l
h
k
k
l
R
n
n
kdn
kdn
kdn
dc
t

1 2
1 2


+

=
kdn
k
Tnh ton ni t.
2) Tnh ton ni t trong trng hp c hai lp
t khc nhau.
Cng thc gn ng



sai s di 3% nu t l l/h >6,
sai s c th t n 15% nu t l l/h =1,5


d
l
l h l h
l
R
dc
. 4
ln
)
). (
.( . 2
2 1

t
+
+
~
Tnh ton ni t.
2) Tnh ton ni t trong trng hp c hai lp t
khc nhau.







Biu xc nh su cc

2
/R= 5
3
2
1
0,1
0,01
30
25
20
15
10

2
/
1
= 0,75
0,5
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,01
0,001
60
50
40
30
20
10
h,m 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 h
s
,m
A
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in p
bc cho php:
Bc 1: xc nh tng chiu di ca cc in cc.
L=2.n.D
Bc 2: dng s c chm mass (coi Z
1
= Z
2
)


- Xc nh tit din thanh dn: F= F
0
.I
k

ng knh thanh dn:


0 2 1
. 3
Z Z Z
U
I
ph
k
+ +
=
0 1
2
. 3
Z Z
U
+
=
t
F
d
4
=
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:



Biu xc nh
kch thc thanh dn








Biu x ng knh dy dn
F
0

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 1,0 2,0 3,0 5,0 10 20
20
25
30
40
50
50
40
30

20

100
200
400
600
800
1000
10
5
2,5
1,0
100
80
60

40
20
10
5
4
3
2
1
A/mm
2

mm
2
/kA Kch thc thanh
dn ngang mils/A
NO.304 steel
30%CCS
97% Cu (250
0
C)
97% Cu (.thau)
40%CCS
t
k
, sec
97% Cu & 100% Cu (thau)
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:
Bc 3
Gi tr cho php ca in p bc:


Gi tr cho php ca in p tip xc:

k
B S S b S ng
cp b
t
k C b R
U
) . . (
.
.
+
=
k
B S S tx S ng
cp tx
t
k C b R
U
) . . (
.
.
+
=
Trong :

Cs : h s suy gim
hs: dy lp vn
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:
: h s khng ng nht


Hoc Cs c x theo CT:


n s lng thanh ngang song song
b bn knh tng ng ca bn chn

ng
c tnh Cs
0 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16 0,20 0,24
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
k
kdn
=-0,1
-0,2
-0,3
-0,4
-0,5
-0,6
-0,7
-0,8
-0,9
k
kdn
=0
h
S
, m
0
C
S

kdn
k
1 2
1 2


+

=
kdn
k

=
+
+ =
1
]
2 ) / . 2 ( 1
2 1 [
96 , 0
1
n
S
n
B
S
b h n
k
C
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:
Bc 4: Xc nh in tr ca h thng ni t


Bc 5 : dng th t:
E
dng
= I
d
. R
luoi

Nu E
dng
< U
tx.cp
th bi ton kt thc,nu ngc li
th tip tc lm bc 6

)]
/ 20 . 1
1
1 (
. 20
1 1
[
nd nd
luoi
F h F
L
R
+
+ + =
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v
in p bc cho php:
Bc 6: Xc nh in th li:

H s hnh hc ca h thng ni t


h s hiu chnh theo su:


Nu E
luoi
> U
tx.cp
, th cn phi b sung thm in cc

L
k k I
E
i m d
luoi
. . .
=
]
) 1 . 2 (
8
ln )
4 . 8
) 2 (
. . 16
[ln(
2
1
2 2

+
+
+ =
n k
k
d
h
d D
h D
d h
D
k
h
ii
m
t t
0
1
h
h
k
h
+ =
Trong
: in tr sut ca t
L: tng chiu di cc ni t ht
k
m
:H s hnh hc ca ht ni t
k
i
: h s hiu chnh
k
i
=0,656+0,172n
n - l s thanh dn ni //
k
h
h s hiu chnh theo su
h
0
- chiu su t li ni t n
mt t
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:
Bc 7: Xc nh in p li


L
T
tng chiu di ca cc cc tip a: L
T
=L
ng
+ 1,1.L
c
L
ng
tng chiu di cc in cc nm ngang
L
c
- tng chiu di cc cc tip a thng ng.
Nu E
li
< U
tx.cp
th bi ton kt thc, cn trong
trng hp ngc li th lp li php tnh
T
i m d
luoi
L
k k I
E
. . .
=
Tnh ton ni t.
3)Tnh ton ni t theo in p tip xc v in
p bc cho php:
Bc 8
Xc nh in p bc tnh ton:
k
S
l h s hnh hc ca li ni t:


Nu U
b.tt
< U
b.cp
th coi nh h thng ni t t yu
cu, trong trng hp ngc li, cn b sung cc cc
tip a v lp li php tnh

T
i S d
tt b
L
k k I
U
. . .
.

=
] ) 5 , 0 1 (
1 1
2
1
[
1
2
+
+
+ =
n
S
D h D h
k
t
o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
a) thc hin theo phng php 4 cc(phng php Wenner)
in tr sut ca t c xc nh:
=2t.a.R, O.m
Trong
+ - in tr sut ca t, O.m ;
+ a - khong cch gia cc cc thm d, m ;
+ R in tr hin th trn thit b o, O
o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
a) phng php 4 cc:
S u dy:






S o in tr sut ca t theo phng php 4 cc

o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
b) Phng php 3 cc








S o in tr

Vng nh
hng
Vng nh
hng
Vng nh hng
Vng nh
hng
Vng nh
hng
H
E
S
S
o ln 2
o ln 1
Vng nh hng
Vng nh hng
Vng nh
hng
Vng nh hng
Vng nh hng
Vng nh hng
o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
c)Phng php hai cc
Trong trng hp khng
th, hoc rt kh mc cc
cc tip a. Cc thit b
o HANDY GEO, SATURN
GEO, UNILAP GEO cho
php thc hin php o
hai cc ca in tr hoc
mch vng S mch o
o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
c) Phng php khng dng in cc







S o in tr ni t

o in tr ni t
1) Phng php o in tr sut ca t
Phng php khng dng in cc
Khong cch t in cc






S o in tr ni t
bng Amper km

ng cho
ca HTN
kiu li
Khong cch
ca cc thm d
in p P2/S

Khong cch
ca cc ni
t ph C2/H
20 30 50
25 50 80
30 70 100
50 100 170
70 130 200
o in tr ni t
2) o in tr ni t ca cc thit b ang hotng
a)o in tr ni t mch vng







S o in tr n mch vng


o in tr ni t
2) o in tr ni t ca cc thit b ang hotng
b)o in tr ni t ca ct in cao th






S o in tr ni t ct cao th.

o in tr ni t
2) o in tr ni t ca cc thit b ang hotng
b)o in tr ni t ca ct in cao th






S o in tr ni t ln lt tng chn ca ct cao th.

o in tr ni t
2) o in tr ni t ca cc thit b ang hotng
c)o in tr ni t ca trm bin p






o in tr ni t ca trm bin p

Cc bin php gim in tr ca
h thng ni t
S dng cc in cc tip a tng cng
S dng cc dung dch ha cht

Mt s hnh nh v ni t