Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pumps in Steam Power Plants: Life Inducing Devices
Pumps in Steam Power Plants: Life Inducing Devices
Classification of Pumps
Cross-section, single 65,000 hp boiler feed pump, 1300 MW fossil power plant
Suction Conditions
The net positive suction head (NPSH) represents the net suction head at the pump suction, referred to the pump centerline, over and above the vapor pressure of the feedwater. If the pump takes its suction from a deaerating heater, the feedwater in the storage space is under a pressure equivalent to the vapor pressure corresponding to its temperature. Therefore the NPSH is equal to the static submergence between the water level in the storage space and the pump centerline less the frictional losses in the intervening piping.
Erection of Pump
Theoretically, the required NPSH is independent of operating temperature. Practically, this temperature must be taken into account when establishing the recommended submergence from the deaerator to the boiler-feed pump. A margin of safety must be added to the theoretical required NPSH to protect the boiler-feed pumps against the transient conditions that follow a sudden reduction in load for the main turbogenerator. The discharge pressure of the condensate pump or the booster pump must be carefully established so the suction pressure of the boiler-feed pump cannot fall below the sum of the vapor pressure at pumping temperature and the required NPSH. Careful attention must be given to any strainer that might be installed in the pump suction piping. The pressure drop increase across the strainer is indicative of foreign material and it reduces the net positive suction head available (NPSHA) to the pump. Strainers in the pump suction pipe are most often removed following plant startup qualification testing.
BOOSTER PUMPS
The increasing sizes of modern boiler-feed pumps coupled with the practice of operating these pumps at speeds considerably higher than 3600 rpm have led to NPSH requirements as high as 46 to 76 m. In most cases, it is not practical to install the direct-contact heaters from which the feed pumps take their suction high enough to meet such requirements. In such cases, it has become the practice to use boiler-feed booster pumps operating at lower speeds, such as 1750 rpm, to provide a greater available NPSH to the boiler-feed pumps than can be made available from strictly static elevation differences. Such booster pumps are generally of the single-stage, doublesuction design.
Radially split, segmental ring boiler feed pump upto 240 bar
Radially split, double-case, barrel boiler feed pump above 250 bar
HR
HR
To the intermediate reheating unit whose boiler water is fed by steam-driven pump, the gross and net heat consumption rate are formulated as
HR
HR
NET HEAT CONSUMPTION RATES OF FEED WATER PUMP DRIVEN BY STEAM AND ELECTRICITY OF 300MW UNIT IN SLIDING PRESSURE MODEKJ/KW
Comprehensive power generation costs are made of the unit generating cost and the cost of plant electric consumption. Unit generating cost can be express as the product of standard coal consumption rate for generating and unit price of standard coal
The cost of plant electrical power consumption is equal to the product of power consumption rate and pool purchase price. So formula of CCCR can be expressed as:
Comparison of CCCR
CONCLUSIONS
With the increase of unit capacity, capacity of feed water pump correspondingly will increase. The steam-driven mode of the variable-speed pumps by small steam turbine will be more and more acceptable to much more people. A steam-driven mode is better than motor-driven mode in thermal economy. Compared with motor-driven pumps, steam-driven pumps are good to net electrical output increases for large units, reducing the net heat rate of generating and CCCR.
The small steam turbine driving variable-speed pumps does well in declining of power consumption rate and rising of operation efficiency, thus it could replace motor-driven pumps in future. The driving mode of boiler feed pump is mainly affected by thermal economy of system. Besides thermal economy of system, the driving mode of boiler feed pump also depends on comprehensive combination of investment income, operating reliability, complexity of system structure.
H f K1 K2Q2
Cavitation
As the liquid flows onto the impeller of the pump it is accelerated and initially its pressure falls (Bernoulli). The pressure subsequently increases as the fluid leaves the impeller and as the kinetic energy is recovered in the volute chamber. If the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure, Pv, the liquid boils, generating vapour bubbles or cavities-cavitation. The bubbles are swept into higher pressure regions by the liquid flow, where they collapse creating pressure waves and cause mechanical damage to solid surfaces. Moreover, pump discharge head is reduced at flow rates above the cavitation point. Operation under these conditions is not desirable and damages the equipment.