Umair Javaid (09-6332) Muhammad Ahkam Khan (09-6394)

 Zigbee standard: IEEE 802.15.4

802 group deals with network operations and

technologies Group 15 works specifically with wireless networking Group 4 drafted the 802.15.4 standard for a low data rate WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network)

 Data rate of 20-250 kbps

CSMA-CA Channel Access

Low in cost, complexity and power consumption Operates in 3 Frequency bands

CHANNELS 2.4 GHz 16 915 MHz 10 868 MHz 1

BAND ISM ISM ISM

COVERAGE Worldwide Americas Europe

DATA RATE 250 kbps 40 kbps 20 kbps

 Designed for wireless controls and sensors

Operates in Personal Area Networks (PANs) and

device-to-device networks Connectivity between small packet devices Targeted at home and building automation and controls, consumer electronics, toys etc.

 Topology
Star
Mesh Cluster Tree (Star+Mesh)

 Three device types PAN/Network Coordinator Maintains overall network knowledge; most memory and computing power Full Function Device (Router) Carries full 802.15.4 functionality and all features specified by the standard; ideal for a network router function Reduced Function Device (End Device) Carriers limited functionality; used for network edge devices All of these devices can be no more complicated than the

transceiver, a MCU and a pair of AAA batteries!

Mesh Star

Cluster Tree

PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

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 Star Topology
Advantage Easy to synchronize Low latency
Disadvantage Small scale

 Mesh Topology
Advantage Robust multihop communication Network is more flexible Lower latency Disadvantage Route discovery is costly Needs storage for routing table

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 The route discovery in a ZigBee network is similar to the

AODV routing protocol

Links with lower cost will be chosen into the routing path. The cost of a link is defined based on the packet delivery

probability on that link

Route discovery procedure

The source broadcasts a route request packet Intermediate nodes will rebroadcast route request if They have routing discovery table capacities The cost is lower Otherwise, nodes will relay the request along the tree The destination will choose the routing path with the lowest

cost and then send a route reply

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Discard route request

B
route req.

req. route

a
route reply
route req.

S
rou te r eq.

D
rou te r eq.

Unicast Broadcast Without routing capacity

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 Cluster Tree
Advantage Low routing cost Allow multihop communication
Disadvantage Route reconstruction is costly Latency may be high

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 Modes of operation
Beacon Non-beacon

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 Beacon sent periodically Coordinator and end device can go to sleep Lowest energy consumption

Precise timing needed

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 coordinator/routers have to

stay awake
Heterogeneous network Robust power supply

needed

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Application
API Security

Customer

32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption

Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

ZigBee Alliance

MAC PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz

IEEE 802.15.4

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 The radio uses Spread Spectrum Technique

Conventional SST for 868MHz and 915MHz bands

Orthogonal Signaling for 2.4GHz band

Number of channels
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band 10 channels in the 915MHz one channel in the 868MHz

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Employs 64-bit IEEE & 16-bit short addresses Reliable delivery of data Association/disassociation Security Handling CSMA-CA channel access

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 ZigBee is focused on control and automation, Bluetooth is focused on connectivity between laptops, PDAs, as well as more general cable replacement. ZigBee uses low data rate, low power consumption, and works with small packet devices; Bluetooth uses a higher data rate, higher power consumption, and works with large packet devices. ZigBee networks can support a larger number of devices and a longer range between devices than Bluetooth.
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monitors sensors automation control

INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TV VCR DVD/CD remote

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

PC & PERIPHERALS

consoles portables educational

TOYS & GAMES

HOME AUTOMATION

security HVAC lighting closures

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References
1. 2. 3. http://homepage.uab.edu/cdiamond/How%20Zigbee%20Works.htm http://zigbee.nectareen.com/?p=23 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Bina-60652-ZigBeeMarket-Application-Landscape-Why-Target-Markets-Technology-asEducation-ppt-powerpoint/ 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee 5. http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=80215-4_HOME 6. http://www.zigbee.org/About/OurMission.aspx 7. ZigBee Alliance web site: http://www.ZigBee.org 8. IEEE 802.15.4 web site: http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html 9. http://www.prismmodelchecker.org/casestudies/zigbee.php

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Thank you!
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