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Development of Face and Oral Cavity
Development of Face and Oral Cavity
Development of Face and Oral Cavity
HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS
Figure 2-11 A, The mesoderm, situated between the ectoderm and endoderm in the trilaminar disk. B, Differentiation of the mesoderm into three masses: the paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm. C through E, With lateral folding of the embryo, the amniotic cavity encompasses the embryo, and the ectoderm constituting its floor forms the surface epithelium. Paraxial mesoderm remains adjacent to the neural tube. Intermediate mesoderm is relocated and forms urogenital tissue. Lateral plate mesoderm cavitates, the cavity forming the coelom and its lining the serous membranes of the gut and abdominal cavity.
Nasal (olfactory) pits are located on either side of the frontonasal prominence and are surrounded by horseshoe-shaped eminences. The medial portion of these eminences is called the medial nasal process (MNP). The lateral portion of which is called the lateral nasal process (LNP). The lateral nasal process is separated from the maxillary process (the more rostral portion of the first branchial arch) by a furrow which reaches the medial aspect of the developing eye.
Figure 3-17 Human facial development from 24 days through 38 days. Left-column photographs shows actual embryos; the middle and right columns are diagrams of frontal and lateral views. A, Boundaries of the stomatodeum in a 26-day embryo. B, A 27-day embryo. The nasal placode is about to develop, and the odontogenic epithelium (white bars) can be identified. C, A 34day embryo. The nasal pit, surrounded by lateral and medial nasal processes, is easily recognizable. D, A 36-day embryo shows the fusion of various facial processes that are completed by 38 days (E)
The anterior aspect of this partition is derived from the area of the upper jaw formed by the medial nasal processes (intermaxillary segment) and is called the primary palate (median palatine process).
Most of the hard palate and all of the soft palate form from the secondary palate
Figure 3-22 Development of the tongue. A, The floor of the primitive stomatodeum, viewed from above, is formed by the branchial arches. Three swellings, the tuberculum impar and the paired lingual swellings, appear in the mesenchyme of the first arch beneath the epithelium. A midline swelling (the hypobranchial eminence) appears in the third arch; the sagittal section through the arches is shown in the lower drawing. B, The increased swelling of the lingual swellings, together with the tuberculum impar, will form the anterior two thirds of the tongue. The hypobranchial eminence overgrows the second arch (depicted in the sagittal section in the lower drawing). C, Final disposition of the tongue and the relative contributions of the first and third arches. The sagittal section is shown in the lower drawing. The arrow depicts the route of incoming occipital myotomes that form the tongue muscle.
Know that the anterior two thirds of the tongue is covered by ectoderm and derived from first arch mesenchyme And posterior one third of tongue is covered by endoderm and be primarily derived from the third arch mesenchyme