PAST TIME

Simple Past Tense

Past Progressive Tense
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
It shows an action or state that began and
ended at a clear time in the past.

E.g. Ali ate lunch at 1:00 P.M.

Simple Past Tense
Structure
SUB + 2ND (V) + COMPLEMENT.
Hamid went to university at 8:00am.

Did/Didn’t + Sub + Verb + Complement?

Did Hamid go to university at 8:00am?

Sub + Did (not) + Verb + Complement.

Hamid didn’t go to university at 8:00am.
THE PRINCIPLE FORMS OF THE
VERB
In English grammar, a verb has four principle
forms.
1st/ Base Form (speak)
2nd/ Past Form (spoke)
3rd/Past Participle Form (spoken)
Ing/Present Participle Form
(speaking)
Regular Verbs Vs Irregular
Verbs
1. Verbs that take d/ed/ied for their past and past
participle forms.
E.g. Cook, Work, Stress, Walk, Pound…
Cooked, worked, stressed, walked, pounded
Cooked, worked, stressed, walked, pounded
Verbs that do not take d/ed/ied for their 2nd
and 3rd forms.
Eat, ate, eaten.
Break, broke, broken.
Speak, spoke, spoken.
Spelling of (ING) and (ED)
Forms
1. Verbs ending in (e):
-Add only (d) e.g. Smile- Smiled
-Remove (e) and add (ing) e.g. Smile- Smiling
2. Verbs ending in double consonant: (C+C)
-Add (ed) e.g. Help- Helped
-Add (ing) e.g. Help- Helping
3. Verbs ending in single consonant followed by
double vowel.
-Add (ed) e.g. Rain- Rain+ed
-Add (ing) e.g. Rain- Rain+ing
 Spelling of (ING) and (ED)
Forms Cont’d
4. Verbs ending in single vowel followed by a single consonant

One Syllable Two Syllables

-Double the last consonant.
*Add (ed) e.g. Stopped
-First Syllable -Second Syllable
*Add (ing) e.g. Stopping Stress. Stress.
*Add (ed) Open- Double the last
Opened consonant &
*Add (ing) *Add (ed) Admit-
Open- Opening Admitted
*Add (ing) Admit-
Admitting
Spelling of (ING) and (ED)
Forms Cont’d
5. Verbs ending in (Y)

Followed by a vowel Followed by a consonant

-Add Only (ed) *Change Y-to- i
E.g. Play-Played
Add (ed)
-Add only (ing) E.g. Cry-Cried
E.g. Play-Playing
-Add only (ing)
E.g. Cry-Crying

6. Verbs ending (IE): Just Add (d), Change ie-Y and add (Ing)
e.g. Die- Died-Dying
PAST PROGRESSIVE
TENSE
1. Shows an action that was in progress at
a specific time in the past.
E.g. I was waiting for you at 7:00pm yesterday.
2. Shows two actions that were in progress
in the past and did not interrupt each
other.
E.g. While I was cooking, Masood was making salad.
3. Shows that one action was in progress
when the second action occurred.
E.g. When Ali came, the teacher was teaching.
While the teacher was teaching, Ali came.
Past Progressive Tense
Structure
SUB + WAS/WERE + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT
Frishta was cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock.

WAS/WERE + SUB + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT?

Was Frishta cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock?

SUB + WAS/WERE (NOT) + V (ING) +COMPLEMENT.

Frishta was not cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock.
Time Clause
A clause is a group of related words that has
subject and verb.

When/While/Before/After + Sub + Verb

*When the time clause comes first, we use comma before

main clause.
E.g. John escaped when the police came.
When the police came, John escaped.
USED TO
It is an expression.
It expresses a past situation or habit that no
longer exists at present.
 E.g. Khalid used to be our classmate.
 E.g. Did Khalid use to be our classmate?

*We use it only in the past.

*We use base form of the verb after used to.