WI-FI

NAME: Dakhara
Pradip B
ID : 07EC072
09/12/09 LDRP-ITR 1
 index
vTYPE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
vINTRODUCATION
vHISTORY OF WI-FI
vWHY WI-FI
vTHE WI-FI THECHNOLOGY
vElements of a WI-FI Network
vHow a Wi-Fi Network Works
vTypical Home Setup
vWi-Fi Network Topologies
vWIFI Standards
vWhat’s so good about it??
v COMPARISONS 3G VS.WI-FI
vWIFI – Applications
vWIFI - Advantages
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 Type of wireless

Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Infrared
GPRS
GSM
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 Introduction
• Wireless Technology is an alternative to Wired
Technology, which is commonly used, for
connecting devices in wireless mode.

• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers

to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).

• Wi-Fi Network connect computers to each other, to

the internet and to the wired network.

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History of WIFI
 • Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity protocol, it is a set of
standards
 for wireless local area network (WLAN)
 • The IEEE first introduced standard No. 802.11 with
transmission
 speed of 1 and 2 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band in 1997
 • Wi-Fi technologies are supported by nearly every modern
 personal computer operating system, most advanced game
 consoles and laptops, and many printers and other
peripherals.
 • The purpose of Wi-Fi is to provide wireless access to digital
 content. This content may include applications, audio and
visual
 media, Internet connectivity, or other data. Wi-Fi generally
 makes access to information easier, as it can eliminate some
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 Why WI‐FI
ØConvenience: Flexibility of time and location
ØMobility: Access the internet even outside their
normal work environment
ØProductivity: Potentially be more
ØDeployment: Requires little more than a single
access point
ØExpandability: Serve a suddenly increased
number of clients

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The Wi-Fi Technology
Wi-Fi Networks use Radio Technologies to
transmit & receive data at high speed:

• IEEE 802.11b
• IEEE 802.11a
• IEEE 802.11g

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IEEE 802.11b
• Appear in late 1999
• Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum
• 11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m Range
• 4-6 Mbps (actual speed)
• 100 -150 feet range
• Most popular, Least Expensive
• Interference from mobile phones and Bluetooth
devices which can reduce the transmission speed.

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IEEE 802.11a
• Introduced in 2001
• Operates at 5 GHz (less popular)
• 54 Mbps (theoretical speed)
• 15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)
• 50-75 feet range
• More expensive
• Not compatible with 802.11b

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IEEE 802.11g
• Introduced in 2003
• Combine the feature of both standards (a,b)
• 100-150 feet range
• 54 Mbps Speed
• 2.4 GHz radio frequencies
• Compatible with ‘b’

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Elements of a WI-FI
Network
• Access Point (AP) - The AP is a wireless LAN transceiver
or “base station” that can connect one or many wireless
devices simultaneously to the Internet.

• Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless signal and relay

information. They can be internal and external.(e.g
PCMCIA Card for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)

• Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus software protect

networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.

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How a Wi-Fi Network
Works
• Basic concept is same as Willkie talkies.
• A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an
access point to an internet connection.
• An access point acts as a base station.
• When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a
hotspot the device can then connect to that
network wirelessly.
• A single access point can support up to 30
users and can function within a range of 100 –
150 feet indoors and up to 300 feet outdoors.
• Many access points can be connected to each
other via Ethernet cables to create a single
large network.
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 Typical Home
Setup

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Wi-Fi Network Topologies
• AP-based topology (Infrastructure Mode)

• Peer-to-peer topology (Ad-hoc Mode)

• Point-to-multipoint bridge topology

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 AP-based topology
• The client communicate through Access Point.
• BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP.
• ESA-It consists of 2 or more BSA.
• ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to allow roaming.

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Peer-to-peer topology
• AP is not required.
• Client devices within a
cell can communicate
directly with each
other.
• It is useful for setting
up of a wireless
network quickly and
easily.

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Point-to-multipoint bridge
topology
This is used to connect a LAN in one building to a LANs in
other buildings even if the buildings are miles apart. These
conditions receive a clear line of sight between buildings.
The line-of-sight range varies based on the type of wireless
bridge and antenna used as well as the environmental
conditions

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WIFI Standards
 In 1999 the first standard was ratified by IEEE to create two
new
 standards
 – 802.11a: OFDM was added in the 5.8 GHz spectrum with
transmission
 speeds of up to 54 Mbps
 – 802.11b: was added 5.5 and 11 Mbps support using DSSS in
the 2.4 GHz
 making it backward compatible with 802.11
 • In 2003 the second standard was ratified to create 802.11g
 – 802.11g: high speed transmission up to 54Mbps by applying
OFDM in the
 2.4 GHz spectrum
 – The 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b by
integrating DSSS
 modulation techniques at 11, 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps
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What’s so good about
it??
Wi-Fi allows local area networks (LANs) to be
deployed without cabling for client devices,
typically
reducing the costs of network deployment and
expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run,
such
as outdoor areas and historical buildings, can host
wireless LANs.
Convenience
Mobility (anytime)
Coverage (anywhere)
New applications potential (services)
Improved quality of life
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09/12/09 20
WIFI - Applications
1. Hotspot Services
2. Point-to-Point
3. Point-to-Multi Point
4. Last-mile
5. Hot Zone Service
6. Traffic Light
7. Dock Area
8. Indoor Wi-Fi Extension
9. Trucking
10. Hi-Speed Mobility
11. Fire Alarm
12. Wireless Surveillance
13. Highway Accident Monitoring
14. Wireless Advertisement
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 WIFI -
Applications

Hotspot Services
Internet
VoIP Phone

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 WIFI -
Applications

Point-to-Point or
Point-to-Multi Point
Long distance link
Headquarter and
Branches
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 WIFI - Applications
Last-mile
Residential area

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 WIFI -
Applications
Hot Zone Service
Internet
VoIP Phone
Surveillance

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 WIFI -
Applications

Traffic Light
Emergency Control
Data/Voice/Video
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 WIFI - Applications

Dock Area
üData service
üVoIP Phone
üSurveillance

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WIFI - Applications
Indoor Wi-Fi
Extension

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 WIFI - Applications

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 WIFI -
Applications
Wireless Surveillance WIFI

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 WIFI -
Applications

Highway Accident Monitoring

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IN METRO WI-FI SYSTEM

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 WI-FI ON THE HIGHWAY

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 coverage area

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 The University of
Tennessee
26K Students, ~4K faculty/staff at the Knoxville Campus, 1.2M
assignable Sq Meters

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USA spending on municipal
wireless networks 3
• MuniWireless – October 2006
forecast
– $3 billion to 2010 on Muni Wi-Fi in
USA alone
– 100s of cities in RFP stage, scores in

09/12/09 36
WIFI - Advantages
 Wi-Fi uses unlicensed spectrum
 Bypassing the need of costly & poor telephone line, it is more
cost effective and
 much easier to deploy
 It requires much lower cost in the long runs, rather than rely
on Telco’s
 infrastructure
 Wi-Fi belongs to open International standards, equipments
can be obtained
 easily in the market at very competitive price
 Wi-Fi offer the freedom to move and supports roaming
 Wi-Fi support various degree of security & encryption
 LAN speed performance and obviously broadband
 Low cost infrastructure

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THANK
YOU
09/12/09 38