Gas Safety System for Oil Drilling Sites using Wireless Sensor Network

Proposed by: Farouq Muhammad Aliyu (g201303650) Mohammed Al-shabouti (g201305830) Submitted to : Dr. Abdulaziz Barnawi

Outline
Statement of Problem Aim

Literature Review
Introduction MODBUS Zigbee GPS Proposed GAS Safety System System Requirements Results & discussion Experiences References
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Statement of Problem
64% of accidents that happen in the oil fields are due to Combustibles and/or Toxic gases [1]. Combustibles and/or Toxic gases detectors are expensive and difficult to implement. Present systems provide a central warning point.

Aim
The aim of the project is to development of safety system that is capable of remotely monitoring presence of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas in oil drilling site with the help of standard industrial sensors and wireless sensor networks.

Literature Review

MODBUS
Transmission in two modes: Remote terminal Unit(RTU) and ASCII. Modbus RTU uses RS-485 or RS232. Modbus TCP uses Ethernet. The types of registers referenced in Modbus devices include the following: Coil (Discrete Output) Discrete Input Input Register Holding Register

MODBUS Contd
Advantages:
It offers data transmission speeds of 35 Mbit/s up to 10 m and 100 kbit/s at 1200 m Can connect up to 32 masters, but communicates with one at a time. It is highly resistant to noise. It is cheap (free).

Zigbee
Developed by Zigbee Alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY for low-power consumption Zigbee stack is scalable and can be co-existed with other technology use ISM band Data rate is 250Kbps and ISM band is 2.4 GHz

Zigbee (Highly Reliable Operation)

Data Coding
QPSK modulation with conversion of 4-bit data symbols to 32-bit chip sequences so probability that a message will get through to its destination intact is high.

Listen before send (CSMA-CA) Next hop acknowledgements Scan best channel Route repair

So it is suitable for gas safety system

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GPS
Satellite based system provide receiver with location and time information.[5] 24 satellites cover the earth Four Satellites must be line of sight to get accurate data. Each position on earth has unique
Longitude Latitude

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Gas safety system

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System Requirements
Should be cheap to encourage customers to buy it. Should be distributed, flexible and independent of any other system. Response time of the system should not exceed 120s [7] Node lifetime should be greater than one shift (8 hours)
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Network nodes

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Hardware
Industrial Sensor & controller
Function: Sense the gas and send reading to the controller

Arduino platform + Xbee + Modbus circuit

Function: Read sensing data from industrial controller. Sends alarm and receives GPS data to and from end nodes.

Arduino platform + Xbee

Function: Relay node
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Hardware cont.
Arduino platform + Xbee + GPS (EM406A)
Function:
Receives alarm and alerts worker Sends GPS location if required Aggregates GPS data Sleep most of the time

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Software
End node flowchart

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Software
Coordinator flowchart

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Aggregation Method
GPS can makes error with 10m End node will not send new GPS data unless new GPS location differs from old one by more than 10m Distance between (lat1,long1) (lat2,long2) is computed as[6]

Processing power consumption!! Instead we used: (abs(oldLat-newLat)>0.0001 || abs(oldLongnewLong)>0.0001)

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Experiment Setup

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Scenario example
This experiment took place at KFUPM upper soccer field

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Response Time
Response time : Time from sending alarm till, start receiving GPS position. Figure show the average response time.

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End node (Current consumed-Sleeping/Rx)

Current consumed Is = 33.33mA Itx/rx = 100mA

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End node (Current Consumption Sleeping/GPS ON)

Is = 33.33mA Igps = 100mA

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Conclusion
The system has a latency of 5 seconds (which is very acceptable compared to the 120 second bench mark in [4]) Atmega alone (without the arduino board) consumes extremely less energy.
Tarduino = Ahr/I = 6 days Tatmega = Ahr/I = 10 months

Therefore WSN can be used for gas safety system.

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Experiences
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DLINE problem
Shield An extenction for the arduino for UART switch to communicate via USB DLINE switch to communicate with shield

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Programming
Bluetooth com ports conflict with both xbee and arduino programming applications (IDEs).
Solution: Always turn off bluetooth/wifi

Rejoining
If NJ < 0xFF, joining will be enabled only for a numberof seconds, based on the NJ parameter

Sleep pin

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References

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System [6] http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html [7] Standard EN. 50194.2000, Electrical apparatus for the detection of combustible gases in domestic premises. Test methods and performance requirements, September 15, 2000

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