Internal

OMF000001 Um interface and radio channels

ISSUE1.4
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Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Processing of voice signal Chapter 3 Radio channel

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Radio Interface
PSTN ISDN

Um
BTS MS

Another MSC

BSC A interface MSC

A-bis interface Um

MAP interface

HLR/AUC/LR MS

Um interface

OMC

SMC

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Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Communication management (CM) Network application layer (L3) Mobility and security management (MM) Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management

RACH

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

FACCH

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL Physical link layer (L1) Multiframe

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Radio Access Technology

Time
FDMA

Time

TDMA

Frequency

Frequency

Time CDMA Code

Frequency
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Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Processing of voice signal Chapter 3 Radio channel

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Voice Signal Processing

20ms Voice A/D 8KHz13bit Segme ntation 22.8kbit/s Speech coding 13kbit/s Channel coding

33.8kbit/s Interleaving Encryption Burst formatting Modulation Transmission

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Speech Coding
The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term

Prediction (RPE-LTP). It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-frame is 5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.

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Channel Coding

+3 50bit Block coder

*2+4

132bit

Excited coder

456bit

78bit

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Interleaving
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ...

B
... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 . . .

B1 B2 2 10 . . . 3 11 . . .

B3 B4 B5 4 12 . . . 5 13 . . .

B6 B7 6 14 . . . 7 15 . . . 8 16 . . .

....

....

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

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Voice Burst

57

26

57

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Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time
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DTX
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

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Power Control
Prolong battery life Reduce network interference Include both uplink power control and downlink power control Level and quality are taken into account

BSC is the final adjudicator

Signal level Target level value: e.g. -85 dm BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.

Time

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Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Processing of voice signal Chapter 3 Radio channel

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Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

BP Slit 15/26ms
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Time

1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)

Frame

TCH SACCH/T FACCH

2044

2045

2046

2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 49 50

24

25

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Normal burst (NB) Frequency correction burst (FB) Synchronous burst (SB) Access burst (AB)

TB TB GP 58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits 3 3 8.25 TB TB GP Constant bit 142 3 3 8.25 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP 3 3 8.25 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 36 3 3

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

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Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit Data 41 synchronous bits 36 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

8bit

3bit

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

142bit

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit Data 39 encrypted bits 64 synchronous bits Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

39 encrypted bits

3bit 8.25bit

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Burst
Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data 57 encrypted bits Training sequence Data 57 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

1 26bit 1
Frame stealing flag

3bit

8.25bit

Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit 142 modulation bits Guard interval

3bit

3bit

8.25bit

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Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel

category

Logical channel

Common channel (CCH)

Dedicated channel (DCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Common control channel (CCCH)

Control channel

Voice channel (TCH)

FCH

SCH

BCCH PCH (system information)

AGCH

RACH

SDCCH

FACCH

TCH/F

TCH/H

SACCH

TCH/9.6F TCH/ 4.8F, H TCH/ 2.4F, H

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Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel BCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH

FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

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Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

Common channel

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

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Use of Logical Channels

Search for frequency correction burst off state Search for synchronization sequence

Read system information

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH

Listen paging message idle mode Send access burst Wait for signaling channel allocation

Call setup

dedicated mode

Assign traffic channel Conversation Call release

idle mode

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Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multiframe
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multiframe
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/C4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8 (main SDCCH)

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Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4 (same as Group2)

Group

Group1

Group2

Grpup5

Channel Frame Number

BX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

2-5

6-9

10

11

12-15

16-19

20-39

40

41

42-45

46-49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel

RR

Frame Number

10

11

12

13-46

47

48

49

50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

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Structure of Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5

Channel

B 4

C 4

C 4

C 4

D0 4

D1 4

D2 4

D3 4

A0 4

A1 4

Channel

B 4

C 4

C 4 1215

C 4 1619

D0 4 2225

D1 4 2629

D2 4 3235

D3 4 3639

A2 4 4245

A3 4 4649

Frame Number

2-5

6-9

10

11

20

21

30

31

40

41

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Channel D34 R R A24 A34 RR

Uplink D04 D14 R R D24

Channel

D04

A04

A14

RR

D04

D14

D24

Frame Number

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Channel D04 D14 D24 D34 D44 D54 D64 D74 A04 A14 A24 A34 I I I

Channel

D04

D14

D24

D34

D44

D54

D64

D74

A44

A54

A64

A74

Frame Number

0-3

4-7

8-11

12-15

16-19

20-23

24-27

28-31

32-35

36-39

40-43

44-47

48

49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink A5 4 A1 4 A6 4 A2 4 A74 D0 4 D0 4 D1 4 D1 4 D24 D3 4 D3 4 D44 D54 D64 D74 A04

Channel

Channel

A34

D24

D44

D54

D64

D74

A44

Frame Number

0-3

4-7

8-11

12

13

14

15-18

1922

23-26

27-30

31-34

35-38

39-42

43-46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms

Channel

TT

Frame Number

1020

21

22

23

24

25

T:TCH; I:IDLE

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Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

Uplink CCCH

PCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

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CCCH Grouping
The GSM system supports various kinds of channel combinations

(GPRS not taken into account), in which the main BCCH, extended BCCH, combined BCCH, and the BCCH+CBCH combination contain the CCCH, i.e. all of the four combinations support the MS access. The MS are distributed to different CCCH groups based on this fact.

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CCCH Grouping
The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to timeslots 0, 2,

4 and 6 but the extended BCCH combination can only be mapped to timeslots 2, 4 and 6 because it does not contain FCCH and SCH. Therefore, all MS synchronize with the base station at timeslot 0 and access the network via different CCCH.

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Paging Group
The GSM system supports a maximum of 99=81 paging groups.

the MS can be divided into 81 sub-groups at most from the opinion of the paging group. No matter what combination mode is adopted, the number of blocks used for paging in every 51 multi-frame does not exceed 9. The system enables the 51 multi-frame to cycle again , with a quantity of BS-PA-MFRAMS (number of frames of the same paging) of 51 multi-frames as a period.

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Paging Group
In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe is called a

paging super-group. Therefore, the number of paging super-frames in the system is the number of frames of the same paging. The number of paging groups in each super-group is 9 or 3 number of access granted reserved blocks.

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Calculation of CCCH and Paging Group

CCCH group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod

(BS_CC_CHANS x N)] div N

Paging group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod

(BS_CC_CHANS x N)] mod N

In the formula: N = Number of paging groups x BS-PA-MFRAMS IMSI = IMSI number of the mobile phone mod = Modulo calculation div = Divide exactly

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Questions
Whats the rate of voice coding ? What are the advantages of discontinuous

transmission (DTX)?
What types of logical channels are there?

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Thank You
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