CHAPTER 4 - HEAT

SYAHIRA ATIQAH BINTI SAMEAN

NUR SYAMILA BINTI MOHD MOKHTAR

NUR AFIQAH BINTI AHMAD AZAM

NUR NAJIHAH ATIQAH BINTI NASRAN

THE GAS LAW Boyles Law Pressure Law Charles Law

EXISTENCE OF GAS PRESSURE

There are many phenomenon that involve gas pressure in our daily life. The existence of gas pressure that is commonly experienced is atmospheric pressure. The existence of gas pressure can be observed in the following activities.

The balloon is not flattened and a resistance is felt due to the air pressure in the balloon.

The ping pong ball reverts to its original spherical shape due to the increase of air pressure in the ball pushes the wall of the ball to its original place.

Pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume if the temperature is kept in constant

BOYLES LAW

Boyles Formula

Graph of Boyles Law

p p

0 pV

1/V

V
0

For a fixed mass of gas, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (kelvin), when its pressure is kept constant

V/ cm3

T/ k

The relationship between the volume and temperature of fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature.

As the gas is heated, the temperature of the gas is increased. The molecules move faster as their kinetic energy increase.
They collide with the walls more frequently and at greater speed. So, they exert a larger pressure on the walls of the containers.

The molecules push the piston so that the gas expands

The faster molecules now move in a larger space. The frequency of collisions with the walls with not increase but remain as before The pressure of the gas remains constant and the volume of the gas increases with the temperature

Absolute Zero, and the Kelvin Scale of the Temperature

The lowest possible temperature that is (-273) 0C is known as the absolute zero of temperature. The gas particles theoretically stop moving and have zero volume. The temperature measured in Kelvin scale is called the absolute temperature.

Temperature Unknown temperature C to K Unknown temperature K to C Absolute zero Ice point Steam point

Celcius scale 0C (X-273)K -273 0C 100 C

Kelvin scale (0+273)K XK 0K 273 K 373 K

From C to K = plus(+)273 From K to C=minus (-) 273

 The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (in K), provided the volume of the gas is kept constant.
P (Pa)

.: P = constant T
-273 0 100

P (Pa)

(oC)

273 373

T(K)

 When the temperature of gas in the container rises, the average kinetic energy of the particles of gas increases and the particles move faster. Hence, the gas molecules strike the walls of the container
a. b. At a higher frequency, More vigorously (with a large momentum)

The factors increase the rate of the change of the momentum of the gas. Hence, the pressure increases.

THE PRESSURE OF A GAS INCREASES WITH ITS TEMPERATURE.

P T

P1 = P2 T1 = T2

(at constant volume)

APPLICATION 1
The oxygen is cooled under high pressure so that the volume of the oxygen can be reduced. Due to the high pressure in the tank, the tank is made of metals which are hard and thick. A gas tank enables us to store and transport a large supply of gas in a small size to save space. This decreases the weight of the supply.

APPLICATION 2

When the car is moving, the tyres will roll on the surface of the road and cause compression on the tyres. This will increase the temperature in the tyres and therefore increases the air pressure in the tyres. When the air pressure in the tyres becomes higher, it might explode. The tyre will not be able to support the weight of the car if the pressure is too high or too low.

APPLICATION 3

A flat table tennis ball will return to its original shape if it is soaked in hot water. This is because hot water supplies heat to the air molecules in the ball and they move faster. Therefore the pressure in the ball increases and the ball will return to its original shape.

-THE END-