America is the largest

weapons supplier of
Pakistan.

True or False ?
False…it is China !
The China-Pakistan
Military Axis
 Pakistan’s Strategic Friend
 During every war with Pakistan, China has
moved the PLA ( People’s Liberation Army)
towards India and thus forced India to
divert substantial forces to the Chinese
border.
 Even during the Kargil conflict satellite
images showed weapon shipments moving
along the Karakoram highway from China
into Pakistan.
 China is Pakistan’s main weapon
supplier.
 China supplies 70 percent of military
aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT) to
Pakistan.
 Almost every missile project in Pakistan
has been initiated through active Chinese
or North Korean assistance
 China has supplied Pakistan with over
1,600 main battle tanks, 400 combat
aircraft and about 40 naval vessels
 Year Aircraft Armor/Artillery Naval Vessels
1965 4 MiG-15 Trainers 80 T-59 MBTs not known
4 IL-28 Bombers
1966 not known not known
40 F-6 Fighters

n
210 T-59 MBTs 12 SHANGHAI PBs
4 HUCHUANta
1970-73 80 F-6 Fighters
53 T-63 LTs FACs
i s t
159 T-59 MBTs ak PBs
1973-76 15 F-6 Fighters P
2 HAINAN
200 T-531 APCs
t o
150 T-59 MBTs
e s
1977-79 24 F-4 Fighters 200 130 MM TGs pli not known
up
s
50 122 MM SPHs
150 T-59 m s
r
MBTs
50 a
2 HAINAN PBs
1980-82 20 F-6 Fighters
a l122 MM MRS
T-60 LTs
4 HEGU FACs
i o n
50
1983-85 42 Q-5 Fighters nt 150 T-59 MBTs 4 HUANGFEN FACs
n ve 200 T-59 MBTs
1986-88
o
98 Q-5 Fighters
c
not known
1988-89
se
60 F-7 Fighters 200 T-59 MBTs 2 ROMEO CLASS
i n eknown
1990-92
hnot 125 T-59 MBTs not known
1992-93 r C not known 97 MBTs not known
a
1993-94 jo 40 Fighters 35 MBTs not known
M
Chinese Military
Hardware for
Pakistan

T- 85

T-59

T-531 APC
Chinese help to in Nuclear weapon
development in Pakistan.
 In 1980 China provides Pak with nuclear
weapon design and highly enriched U.
 In 1994 or 1995, Chinese Govt. owned
subsidiary supplies 5000 ring magnets in
violation of NPT.
 In 1995 China sells dual use technology –
diagnostic equipment and industrial
furnace- that can be used for Nuclear
weapon development.
 Pakistan’s ‘indigenous’ missiles..
 Collaboration in the area of longer range missiles with
the Chinese began once Pakistan became involved in
financing Chinese M-9 and M-11 missiles programmes.
 According to the Deputy Director of the CIA, John E.
McLaughlin, North Korea( A Chinese satellite state)
transferred the 1,300 km-range Nodong ballistic missile
to Pakistan. This was renamed as Haft.
 India's Scientific Advisor to the Defense Minister states
that Pakistan's Babur missile resulted from the transfer
of technology from China's state-owned China National
Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp. (CPMIEC)
to Pakistan's state-owned National Development
Complex (NDC).
 Chinese hand assists Pak military
infrastructure
 The Light Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (LAMF),
another turnkey project completed by China in
June 1981, was meant for producing complete
airframes and eventual production of light
aircraft
 The Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC), the
biggest undertaking in Pakistan, was set up at
Taxila in 1979 with the help of Chinese
assistance and expertise
 The Heavy Forge Factory (HFF) at this complex
has proved crucial for Pakistan's defence
production needs.
 Chinese help in setting up Pak
Military infrastructure
 China helped build the Heavy Rebuild
Factory (HRF) at Taxila which served to
overhaul and upgrade Chinese supplied
Type-59 , 69 MBTs.
 Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra
was established with Chinese assistance.
 The F-6 Rebuild Factory for Pak air force,
established as a turnkey project by China,
became operational in November 1980.
Musharaff with Chinese officials at the
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex , Kamra

Heavy Rebuild Factory , Taxila

 ‘Indigenous’ Collaboration
 Al -Kha li d MB T : The ‘i nd ige no us ’ dev el opmen t of
the MB T Al Kha li d (M BT- 2000) in Pak is ta n w as
st ar ted wit h the hel p of the Ch ine se. Pr imar y
pr ototypes pr oduced and fiel ded in Ch ina for
tri al s in Augu st 19 91.
 Th e Kar ak oram- 8 (or K-8) trai ner /fight er was a
joint ven ture bet wee n the Ch in a Nat iona l
Aer ote chnology Imp ort Exp ort Corpo rati on
(CAT IC) , Chi na Nan cha ng Air cra ft
Man ufacturin g Co mp an y (CNAMC ) an d th e
Pak is ta n Aer onauti cal Co mp lex (PA C)
 Weapons of Collaboration

AL- Khalid ( MBT 2000)

Karakoram -8 ( K-8)
 Latest weapons for Pakistan
 The Super-7 ( FC-1) was originally a joint project
for preliminary design between CATIC and
Grumman (USA). After the Tiananmen Square
massacre of 1989, US company pulled out. In
1992, to revive this project the the Chinese
signed a fresh contract with PAC and the
development of this fighter has continued ever
since.
 Both J-10 and JF-17 , the latest Chinese version
of Russian aircrafts Su-27 and Mig – 29 are
already being assembled in PAC. JF reads ‘ Joint
Fighter’.
 J F - 17

J -10
 F7 -P

FC -1

AL KHALID MBT

HAFT -II
Ima ges of C ollab ora ti on
 Weapons development MOU
 Current military cooperation between the
two countries operates under the
provisions of the June 1990, Sino-Pak
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for
a ten-year cooperation in procurement, R
& D, technology transfer and co-
production. This MOU has since been
extended.
 Reference
 Jane’s Defense review
 “ Will the Iron fence save a tree hollowed
by termites” – Arun Shourie
 Strategic Digest