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Good Afternoon.
CONTENTS
Introduction(e-nose), e-sensing, Definition: electronic nose(e-nose),Basic design of an e-nose Comparison of e-nose with biological nose The need of an e-nose The e-nose---An overview Working principle of an e-nose Sensor technology in e-nose
Introduction---electronic nose(e-nose)
o Electronic noses are engineered to mimic the mammalian olfactory system. o Instrument designed to allow repeatable identifications and classifications of aroma mixtures. o Determines the various characteristics properties of the odour while eliminating operator fatigue.
e-sensing
Refers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems.
o Device intended to detect odors or flavors. o Can be seen as arrays of sensors able to generate electrical signals in response to either simple or complex volatile compounds present in the gaseous sample.
Biological Nose Inhaling Mucus Olfactory epithelium Binding with proteins Enzymatic proteins Cell membrane depolarized Nerve impulses
o An air sample is pulled by a vacuum pump. o It is led through a tube into a small chamber consisting of electronic sensor array. o A transient response is produced as the volatile organic compounds in the sample interact with the surface of the sensors active material. o A steady state response is reached within few minutes.
Contd.. o A washing gas such as an alcohol vapour is applied to the array for a few seconds to a minute. o This is done to remove the odorant mixture from the surface and bulk of the sensor's active material. o Finally, the reference gas is again applied to the array, to prepare it for a new measurement cycle. o A variety of basic sensors can be used according to the nose strategy chosen. o Each sensor in the array has different characteristics.
o The pattern of response across all the sensors in the array is used to identify and/or characterize the odour.
I.
o Enables the generation of the headspace (volatile compounds) of a sample. o The system then injects this headspace into the detection system of the e-nose.
II. Detection system o Consists of a sensor set, is the "reactive" part of the instrument. o Adsorption of volatile compounds on the sensor surface causes a physical change of the sensor; they experience a change of electrical properties. o A specific response is recorded by the electronic interface transforming the signal into a digital value. o Recorded data are then computed based on statistical models.
III. Computing system o Works to combine the responses of all of the sensors.
(1)
Conductivity sensors
Conducting polymers
(1a) MOS (Metal oxide sensors) o Adsorption of gas molecules provoke changes in conductivity . o This conductivity change is the measure of the amount of volatile organic compounds adsorbed.
(1b) Conducting polymerso Conducting or conductive polymer gas sensors operate based on changes in electrical resistance caused by adsorption of gases onto the sensor surface.
(2) Piezoelectric sensorso Adsorption of gas onto the surface of the polymer leads to change in mass on the sensor surface. o This in turn produces a change in the resonant frequency of the crystal. o This change in frequency is proportional to the concentration of the test material.
(3) MOSFET (Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor )sensorso A volatile organic compound produces a reaction in the sensing layer(gate). o This causes the physical property of the gate to change. o Thereby the threshold voltage is changed and thus the channel conductivity.
(4) Optical sensorso Optical sensor systems are somewhat more complex than typical sensor-array systems having transduction mechanisms based on changes in electrical resistance.
Applications of E-nose
The applications(current) of an electronic nose include: o Medical diagnosis and health monitoring o Environmental monitoring o Application in food industry o Detection of explosives o Space applications(NASA) o In research and development industries o In quality control laboratories o In process and production department
The possible and future applications of an electronic nose include: o in field of crime prevention and security
II. Urinary Tract infectionso The e-nose as a potential diagnostic tool for patients affected with kidney diseases, by distinguishing traces of blood in urine samples.
III. Cancer detectiono E-nose is capable of distinguishing between the breath of a healthy person and a person with cancer. o The device is especially promising because it is able to detect cancer before tumors become visible in X-rays.
Detection of explosives
o E-nose is being developed for military and security applications in the detection of explosives and hazardous chemicals.
o It is a full-time, continuously operating event monitor used in the International Space Station.
o Designed to detect air contamination from spills and leaks in the crew habitat o Provides rapid, early identification and quantification of atmospheric changes caused by chemical species to which it has been trained. o Can also be used to monitor cleanup processes after a leak or a spill.
Conclusion
o An electronic nose is a system originally created to mimic the function of an animal nose. o Offers a cheap and non destructive instrument that (if properly programmed and automated) can be operated by non specialists. o Since the whole process is automatic, the cost of each measurement is very low. o Finally, the measurement cycle should be faster in order to increase throughput. o However, this analytical instrument is more a multi-sensor array technology than a real nose. o Whatever the sensor technology, it is still far from the sensitivity and selectivity of a mammalian nose. o Therefore, its aim is not to totally replace either the human nose or other analytical methods.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On preparing this presentation on Electronic Nose(e-nose) ,we have gained quite some knowledge about this topic which we were unaware of before. We have found the topic quite interesting and would like to explore more about this topic in the future . We would like to thank our Sir, Mr. Abhijeet Pal for giving us an opportunity to do this topic for the seminar.
REFERENCES
o www.wikipedia.org o www.slideshare.com o www.powershow.com o www.google.com
Thank you..