CDMA Channel organization

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Code channels used in CDMA
 A code channel is a stream of data
designated for a specific use or person.
This channel may be voice data or
overhead control data. Channels are
separated by codes.
 The forward and reverse links use
different types of channels.

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Forward link channels
 The forward link uses four types of
channels to transmit voice and control
data to the mobile. The types of
forward link channels are:
 Pilot
 Sync
 Paging
 Traffic
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Pilot ch annel

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 Pilot Channel
 The pilot channel is constantly transmitted.
 The mobile uses the pilot signal to acquire the
system.
 After the mobile has acquired the system the
pilot is used for signal strength measurement.
 The strength of the pilot is used to determine
the power required for mobile transmit.
 The pilot contains no information but the it is the
strongest signal on the forward link.
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 Sync channel
 The BTS constantly transmits over the sync
channel so the mobile can synchronize with the
BTS.
 It provides the mobile with the system time and
the identification number of the cell site.
 The mobile ignores the sync channel after it is
synchronized.
 Used to acquire initial time synchronization.

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 Sync Channel contd..,
 Sync message includes 15-bit system id (SID),
16-bit network id (NID), offset of PN short code
and paging channel data rate (4.8/9.6 kbps).
 Operates at 1200bps.
 Once the MS has recovered the information from
the sync channel and fully synchronised with the
network, it enters the idle mode and awaits
paging messages from the network.

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Pa gin g channel
 CDMA uses up to seven paging channels.
 The paging channel transmits overhead
information such as commands and pages to
the mobile.
 The paging channel also sends commands
and traffic channel assignment during call
set-up.
 The mobile ignores the paging channel after a
traffic channel is established

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Paging Channel
 Used to page MS in case of incoming
call
 Also carries control messages for call
setup
 The rate is 4.8kbps or 9.6kbps

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 Some of the control messages contained in
paging channel are
 System parameters: This contains general
information including no of paging channels
available at BTS, the handover thresholds and
a number of registration parameters which
allow MS to identify a particular location area
 List of neighboring BTS, CDMA channel list
etc.,
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Traffic Channels
 Carry user information
 Two possible data rates
 RS1 = {9.6, 4.8, 2.4, 1.2 kbps}
 RS2 = {14.4, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8 kbps}

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Forward lin k t raf fic
ch annel
 CDMA uses between fifty-five and sixty-
one forward traffic channels to send
both voice and overhead control data
during a call.
 Once the call is completed, the mobile
tunes back in to the paging channel for
commands and pages.

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Rev ers e lin k ch annels
 The reverse link uses two types of
channels to transmit voice and control
data to the BTS. The types of reverse
link channels are:
 Access
 Traffic

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Acces s ch an nel
 The mobile uses the access channel when not
assigned to a traffic channel. The mobile uses
the access channel to:
 Register with the network
 Originate calls
 Respond to pages and commands from the
base station
 Transmit overhead messages to the base
station

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Rev ers e lin k t raffic
ch annel
 The reverse traffic channel is only used
when there is a call.
 The reverse traffic channel transmits
voice data to the BTS.
 It also transmits the overhead control
information during the call.

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Reverse Link traffic channel

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Call Processing
There are four modes of operation in
call processing in CDMA technology as
 Initialization mode

 Idle mode

 Access mode

 Traffic mode

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Init ial iz ation mod e
 The subscriber unit performs initialization
when the phone is turned on.
During initialization, the mobile:
 searches for a usable pilot signal acquires the
system via the Pilot code channel
 synchronizes with the system by reading the
Sync code channel broadcast from that site

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Idle mod e
 The mobile is not involved in a call during idle
mode, but it must stay in communication with
the base station.
 The mobile and the base station
communicate over the access and paging
code channels
 So in the Idle State the mobile is mainly
listening to the Paging Channel for incoming
messages. (Also monitors the strength of pilot
channel in neighbouring cells)

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Acces s mod e
 The mobile accesses the network via
the Access code channel during call
origination.
 The Access channel and Paging channel

carry the required call set-up

communication between the mobile
phone and the BTS until a traffic
channel is established.
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Traf fic mode
 Once assigned to a Traffic Channel, the mobile is no
longer monitoring the Paging Channel.
 During a land to mobile (LTM) call:
 The mobile receives a page on the paging channel.
 The mobile responds on the access channel.
 The traffic channel is established and maintained throughout
the call.
 During a mobile to land call (MTL):
 The call is placed using the Access channel.
 The base station responds on the paging channel.
 The traffic channel is established and maintained throughout
the call.

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