Environmental Controls I/IG

Lecture 13
Solar Geometry Shading Strategies

Sun Position
Can be described by two angles:
Altitude Azimuth

S: p. 1514, T.C.12

Solar Angles
Describe the sun position relative to a vertical surface

Solar Altitude: (beta)

Vertical angle to sun position

Solar Azimuth: (phi)

Horizontal bearing angle from south

Surface Azimuth: (psi)

Surface horizontal bearing angle from south

Surface Solar Azimuth: (gamma)

Angle between solar and surface azimuths
=-

Sign Conventions
Angles east of south are negative Angles west of south are positive
90 -90

45 + 0 S

-45

Calculating Surface Solar Azimuth

=
For example:

Building faade is oriented south east ( =-45)

Solar azimuth () is 30 west of south = 30 (-45) = 75
30 -45

Note: || 90, faade in shade

Profile Angle: (omega)

Defines limits of shade conditions For horizontal projections: TAN()=TAN() / COS(Y)

Profile Angle: (omega)

For horizontal projections:
SH=PH TAN()

where, PH: width of enclosing side of horizontal projection SH: height of shadow below horizontal projection

Profile Angle: (omega)

Defines limits of shade conditions For vertical projections: TAN()=TAN(Y)

Profile Angle: (omega)

For vertical projections:
Sw=Pv TAN(Y)

where, Pv: width of enclosing side of vertical projection Sw: width of shadow beyond vertical projection

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Establish fenestration pattern and determine size of openings

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Determine cut off date and time for solar penetration
Mar 21 @10 AM solar time Determine surface azimuth Due south, =0
?

Determine required shadow height

SH=6

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Establish profile () angles for the solstices at solar noon using surface solar azimuth (Y = ). At solar noon (=0) and for L=40, =0:
12/21

=90-23.5-L=26.5 TAN(w)=TAN()/COS(Y) w=26.5 =90+23.5-L=73.5 TAN(s)=TAN()/COS(Y) s=73.5

6/21

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Establish profile () angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = ). At 10 AM solar time and for L=40, =0:

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Mar 21 @10 AM Solar Time = 41.6 = -41.9
Y=- Y=-41.9-0=-41.9

S: p. 1514, T.C.12

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Establish profile () angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = ).

At 10 AM solar time and for L=40, =0:

3/21 =41.6 Y=-41.9 TAN()=TAN()/COS(Y) TAN()= 0.888/0.744= 1.19 =50

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Given SH = 6 and SH=PH Tan() Solve for PH PH=SH/TAN() PH=6/1.19=5.04 ~ 5-0 say 5-0

Solar Envelope
Reduce horizontal projections by adding horizontal louvers in a vertical screen
Louver Spacing Sh

Ph

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Use the summer solstice profile angle (S) to determine spacing of vertical louvers
S

H S

Spacing (S)= H/TAN(S)

If H=12, then S=12/TAN(S)=3.55 say 3
Note: method does not include louver thickness

Sizing Horizontal Projections

Use the summer solstice profile angle (S) to determine spacing of reverse inclined louvers

H S S 2S

Spacing (S)= H/TAN(S) If H=12, then S=12/TAN(S)=3.55 say 3

Note: method does not include louver thickness

Lateral Penetration
Mar 21 at 10 AM solar time

When Y0, lateral penetration occurs at an angle =

Lateral Penetration Solutions

Extend projection bilaterally

Lateral Penetration Solutions

Install vertical component bilaterally

Critical Angle Analysis

Critical angles define solar aperture height (SAH)

W
SAH S

Sizing Vertical Projections

SW=|PVTAN(Y)|
or

PV=|SW/TAN(Y)|

Sizing Vertical Projections

On Mar 21 @ 10 AM (Y=-41.9), if SW=6 what should PV be to shade window

PV=|SW/TAN(Y)| PV=|6/-1.115|=5.4 ~5-5

Shading Strategies

Shading Devices Overview

South Faade: Horizontal overhang or Brise-soleil
San Cristobal Stables

The Capital (Chandigarh)

Shading Devices Overview

East/West Faade: Vertical fins angled to the north and/or Brise-soleil

Keio University Graduate School Research Center

Monastery of Ste Marie de La Tourette

Shading Devices Overview

North Faade: Vertical fins (used in hot climates only)

Phoenix Central Library

L: p. 559 fig. 17.10b

Shading Devices Tectonics

Vertical
Louvers or Screens

John Deere Headquarters, Moline IL

Jewett Art Center, Wellesley, MA

Shading Devices Tectonics

Horizontal
Solid and louvered planes, projections or recesses

Paimio Sanatorium, Finland

Getty Center Los Angeles, CA

Shading Devices Tectonics

Sculptural Form
Thickness Projections Screens
Reynolds Aluminum Building, Detroit, MI

Unity Temple, Oak Park, IL Beach House, Lido Shores, FL

Obayashi Tokyo Design Center