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Methods of Purifying Substances
Methods of Purifying Substances
Methods of Purifying Substances
CONTENTS
ACTIVITIES
At the end of lesson, students should be able to: state the characteristics of pure substances describe the different methods of purification of substances relate the characteristics of substances to the methods of purification used explain with examples the methods of purification used to produce substances used in daily life
Pure substance
Pure substance is a substance that is made up of only one substance.
Example: Distilled water contains only O molecules of water Pure oxygen gas contains only molecules of oxygen H H
H O
Methods of purification
Purification is a process of separating substances in a mixture to obtain a pure substance There are too many ways or methods of purification and it is depends on the physical properties of substances that mixed. Two common methods for purification are: Distillation (Penyulingan) Crystallization (Penghabluran)
Distillation is a way of obtaining pure solvent from a solution. Crystalisation is a way to separate insoluble (tidak larut) solid from soluble (larut) solid by using filtration.
example: mixture of sand and salt
Purification by Distillation
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The mixtures of substances that have different boiling point are filled into round bottom flask. The mixture is heated then the gas produce is flow through Liebig condenser. Liebig condenser is used to cool and condensed the gas into liquid. The pure substance that has a lower boiling point comes out first from Liebig condenser. While the substance with higher boiling point still remain in the flask. The beaker used to collect pure substance is take out and the heating is stopped.
Page 96_text book
Bunsen burner
Purification by Crystallization
Mixture Water Mixture of sand and salt 1 Add water to mixture 2 Filter the mixture Residue (sand) Salt solution
Salt Salt solution 4 Leave to cool 3 Heat and filtrate until it is saturated
The End