Diplomacy

PRESENTED BY
PARTHA SAROTHI CHOWDHURY
ROLL

-50

Diplomacy is the art of conducting negotiations, agreements and relations between two or more parties and to find mutually acceptable solutions to a common challenge in a non-confrontational manner.

Activities relating to trade policy making Activities relating to business support activities

Functions
Representation

Negotiation

Gathering Information

Promoting Friendly Relations, and Cooperation

The past of Diplomacy

The Greeks Making speeches, debates, proposing motions and carrying out votes Representatives from city-states and country

The Romans and the Italians

Theoretical progress rather than practice Stressed the importance of adhering to agreements and treaties Skilled archivists rather than skilled negotiators The French create the very early framework for modern diplomacy After consecutive attempts French become the language of diplomacy replacing Latin in middle of the eighteenth century

Modern Diplomacy

Open Covenant Fourteen Points Program Key points Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

Establishment of League of Nations (Multilateral Democracy)

Types of Diplomacy
Appeasement Appeasement is a specific type of diplomacy where the main aim of communication is to avoid full-frontal war. This is done by making concessions to, and negotiations with, powers or leaders who are acting in an aggressive way. Public Diplomacy Public diplomacy is exercising influence through communication with the general public in another nation, rather than attempting to influence the nation's government directly.. Monetary Diplomacy Monetary diplomacy is the use of foreign aid or other types of monetary policy as a means to achieve a diplomatic agenda. Economic Diplomacy Economic diplomacy a set of activities related to cross border economic activities (export, import, investment, lending, aid, migration) pursued by state and non-state actors in the real world

Commercial Diplomacy
A promotion of inward investment and tourism through supporting the trade missions, establishing and facilitating contacts between companies, helping to resolve the problems

Cultural Diplomacy
A type of diplomacy that includes the "exchange of ideas, information, art and other aspects of culture among nations and their peoples in order to foster mutual understanding.

Gunboat Diplomacy
Foreign policy carried out with the backing of the threat or use of military force.

Panda Diplomacy
Panda diplomacy is China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries.

Informal Diplomacy
Informal diplomacy sometimes called Track II diplomacy has been used for centuries to communicate between powers. Most diplomats work to recruit figures in other nations who might be able to give informal access to a country's leadership.

This occurs in situations where governments wish to express intentions or to suggest methods of resolving a diplomatic situation, but do not wish to express a formal position.

Diplomatic Immunity
Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to the jurisdiction of local courts and other authorities for both their official and, to a large extent, their personal activities.

As Per Encyclopedia Britannica, in international law, the immunities enjoyed by foreign states or international organizations and their official representatives from the jurisdiction of the country in which they are present.It is codified under The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961

Immunity protects the channels of diplomatic communication by exempting diplomats from local jurisdiction so that they can perform their duties with freedom, independence, and security.

Diplomacy & Espionage

Diplomacy is closely linked to espionage or gathering of intelligence. Embassies are bases for both diplomats and spies, and some diplomats are essentially openly acknowledged spies.

There are also deep-cover spies operating in many embassies. These individuals are given fake positions at the embassy, but their main task is to illegally gather intelligence, usually by coordinating spy rings of locals or other spies.

For the most part, spies operating out of embassies gather little intelligence themselves and their identities tend to be known by the opposition. If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy.

Diplomatic Recognition

Diplomatic recognition is the formal acknowledgment of a nation or its government

Diplomatic recognition begins the process by which two governments officially interact, and this can have important implications on the world stage.

When a country extends diplomatic recognition to another state, it will typically also establish an embassy close to that state's government center.

This allows the governments to communicate directly and easily, negotiating treaties and agreements. Easy communication allows governments to coordinate economic, political and military goals.

Diplomatic Resolutions of Problems

Arbitration and Mediation

Nations sometimes resort to international arbitration and mediation when faced with a specific question or point of contention in need of resolution

Conference
Resolutions were sought through the convening of international conferences. In such cases, there are fewer ground rules, and fewer formal applications of international law.

Negotiation
Official negotiation processes to settle a specific dispute or specific issue between several nations which are parties to a dispute.

There will always be room for diplomacy, but in its present form, it is largely an 18th century relic that badly needs rethinking and refashioning
--Walter Laqueur