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Indus Valley
Indus Valley
Indus Valley
TODAYs OBJECTIVES:
Locate the Indus Valley culture and examine the impact of its geography. List theories about the decline of the Indus Valley civilization. Describe the social and religious structure of the Shang Dynasty. Summarize the rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty in China.
AGENDA:
Turn only your Supplemental Questions in today! Please pick up handout on front table!
Label Indus River Civilizations on your map!
* WARM-UP:
* REMINDER:
WARM-UP:
Can you label the 4 early River Valley Civilizations on Ancient China - Huang He River your map handout.
Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) Egyptian Civilization - Nile River Harappan Civilization - Indus River
Chapter 5:
Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) Egypt (Nile River) Harappan Civilization - Indus River
ENTER
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C. in the western part of South Asia, in what today is Pakistan and western India. It is often referred to as Harappan Civilization after its first discovered city, Harappa. The nearby city of MohenjoDaro is the largest and most familiar archaeological dig in this region. The Indus Valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China.
This ancient civilization was not discovered until the 1920's. Most of its ruins, including major cities, remain to be excavated.
Left: The excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
The Indus River Valley Civilization started about 2500 B.C.E. along the south-western part of the Indus River. The largest city was Mohenjo-Daro, in present day Pakistan, and settlements stretched all along the river. Impact of Geography Large Area Streches across present day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan Surroundings Natural borders consisted of mountains and the Arabian Sea, sheltering the civilization from attack and disease. Water from the river fertalized and irrigated crops. Proximity to the river allowed boats to become a viable transportation option.
2. Name conclusions that have been drawn Hinduism is about Indus River culture? considered to be Began farming along Indus about 3,200 B.C. the worlds oldest Size of settled region larger religion. than Egypt or Mesopotamia. Yet its origins have Careful city planners; laid out in grid long been a mystery. Indus Harappan script has not been with a defendable citadel. deciphered. Typical Harappan dwellling Engineered sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems. This means basic questions about Above: Terracota household statues such Peaceful people few weapons found the people who created this highly as this female goddess are found Similarity in housing indicates little differences complex culture frequently in the region. Is this religious between social classes. are still unanswered. icon an early Shiva? Does modern Religious objects and symbols clearly linked to Hinduism. Hinduism have its origins in Harappan
Left: The excavated ruins of Mohenjodaro one of several planned cities laid out on a grid system in the Indus region. Right: The citadel at Mohenjodaro. civilization?
Economy Agriculture The development of widespread irrigation systems allowed the indigenous population to provide food for themselves. Wheat and barley were primary crops, however rye, peas, cotton, and rice were also grown. Domestication of animals also served as an important tool for cultivation and as a source of food.
Trade The economy depended greatly on trade. Trade was conducted within the civilization as well as with Mesopotamia. Advancement in technology led to carts and early boats that were used as the main method of trade and travel.
Above: The Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro. Surrounding pics: various Harappan artifacts.
4How did Harappan culture and Egyptian culture differ in their social structure?
A. Harvesting Beautifully grain; carved B. Musicians soapstoneplay for the workers in the fields; C. Sphinx Women storage winnowing dish. the grain; D. Scribes tally the Middle Kingdom farmers taxes; E. The farmerperiod s son tending the livestock / cattle.
-no conclusive evidence of palaces or templesor of kings, armies, or priests. - most city dwellers appear to have been traders or artisans, who lived with others pursuing the same occupation in well-defined neighbourhoods. -Harappan society had no rulers, and everybody enjoyed equal status.