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Generations of Computers
Generations of Computers
Generations of Computers
st
1942-1955
Vacuum Tube
Heat
Burnout
Machine
language Magnetic core
memory
Storage
Punched
cards
MARK I
(1944).
Aiken built the 1st
generation
computer.
Weighed 10,000
pounds
Speed
1calculation/3seco
nds
ENIAC
(Electron Numerical
Integrator and
Calculator)
1946
Constructer- John
Mauchly
Program storing
capacity
1calculation/millisecond
Weapon analysis
Weather Forecasting
Space study
UNIVAC
Universal Automatic
Computer
First computer built for
business.
Much more developed than
ENIAC
Constructed- J. Presper,
John Mouchly.
Ability to use both numeric n
textual information
Used magnetic tape for input
2nd Generation Computers
How did the second
generation computers
emerge?
The invention of “THE TRANSISTORS”
What is a Transistor?
Transistors & Vacuum
tubes
Advantages of the
transistors over vacuum
tubes-
Weight
Power consumption
Heat output
Developments in this
(Compatible computers with
big instructions set)
generation
1959 ERMA
1963 ASCII
Disadvantages
Time sharing was not possible
Costlier than IC’s
Large in size
3rd Generation (1964 -
1970): Integrated Circuit
An electronic circuit that packages transistors
and other electronic components into one small
silicon chip called semiconductor.
The number of transistors that is placed on a
single chip has increased, shrinking both the
size and cost of computers.
Keyboards and monitors were used.
Magnetic disks were used widely as
secondary storage
3 Generation
Computers
Third generation computers use
semiconductor memories
Read-Only Memory (ROM) and read-and-write
memories called Random Access Memory (RAM)
The LILLIAC IV is an example of a third
generation computer.
The CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing
System) was developed at MIT in the early
1960s
3 Generation
Computers
4 Generation computers
th
1971-1990
Microprocessor –
Characteristic of 4th
generation.
This is a general purpose
processor on chip.
This generation uses
VLSI and ULSI technology
micro processor.
1000s of integrated
circuits were built on
single silicon chip that
First personal computer
Reduced size, reduced cost
and increased speed of micro
processor led to the creation
of 1st personal computer
In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve
Wozniak built the Apple II
1981 IBM introduced its 1st
personal computers
In Direct competition with
IBM’s PC was Apple’s
Machitosh Line, 1984.
Three basic characteristics differentiate
microprocessor:
Instruction set
Band width
Clock speed
Characteristics:
Cheapest among all generations
Easily portable
Speed accuracy and reliability is improved
Billions of circuits per cubic foot.
Explosive Growth:
Digital watches
Pocket calculators
Personal computer
5 Generation
th