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Radio Anatomy of Lungs and Heart
Radio Anatomy of Lungs and Heart
OBJECTIVES
0 To know the modalities used to study the heart and
lungs
0 To identify the lungs and their lobes and segments
on Chest radiograph
0 To identify the trachea, carina and right and left
main stem bronchi and their branches
0 To know the pulmonary vasculature
0 Plain X-Ray
0 CT Scan
0 MRI
0 Ultrasound
0 Nuclear Medicine
CHEST RADIOGRAPHS - VIEWS REQUIRED
0 Most commonly done
Posteroanterior view
Lateral view
0 Others
Lordotic view ± to look at the apical segment
Right anterior oblique view
Left anterior oblique view
Anteroposterior view
Decubitus view
RADIOANATOMY OF LUNGS
POSTEROANTERIOR VIEW OF CHEST
LATERAL VIEW
LUNGS
0 Two lungs situated in the thoracic cavity
Right
Left
0 Separated from each other by middle mediastinum
containing the heart and great vessels
0 Lobes
b lobes in the right separated by major and minor
fissures
2 lobes in the left separated by major fissure
OBLIQUE FISSURES
Indicated by a line
that runs from the
spinous process of
T2 vertebra around
the thorax to the
sixth costochondral
junction
Similar on both sides
4. Right Oblique
Fissure
10. Left Oblique
Fissure
OBLIQUE FISSURES
² Indicated by a line
that runs from the
spinous process of
T2 vertebra around
the thorax to the sixth
costochondral
junction
² Similar on both
sides
TRANSVERSE FISSURE
Runs from the
anterior border
of the lung
along the fourth
costal cartilage
to the oblique
fissure
FISSURES
Oblique Fissure - Indicated by a
line that runs from the spinous
process of T2 vertebra around
the thorax to the sixth
costochondral junction
1. Apical
2. Posterior
b. Anterior
SEGMENTS OF RIGHT MIDDLE LOBE
1. Lateral
2. Medial
SEGMENTS OF THE RIGHT LOWER LOBE
1. Superior
2. Medial-basal
b. Anterior-basal
4. Lateral-basal
5. Posterior-basal
SEGMENTS OF THE LEFT UPPER LOBE
0 Superior lobe
1. Apico-posterior (merger of "apical" and "posterior")
2. Anterior
0 Lingula of superior lobe ±
1. Inferior lingular
2. Superior lingular
SEGMENTS OF THE LEFT LOWER LOBE
1. Superior
2. Anteromedial basal (merger of "anterior basal" and
"medial basal")
b. Posterior basal
4. Anterior basal
5. Lateral basal
1. Cardiac Bronchus
(normal variation)
2. Right Middle Lobe
b. Right Main Bronchus
4. Right Oblique Fissure
5. Right Lower Lobe
6. Lingular lobe of the left
lung
7. Left Upper Lobe
8. Left Upper Lobe
Bronchus
9. Left Main Bronchus
10. Left Oblique Fissure
11. Left Lower Lobe
AIRWAYS
0 Trachea ± begins at the level of C6 vertebra and
extends to the carina at the level of T4-T5
0 Right bronchus ± 2.5 cm in length and straight ±
more prone to infection
0 Left bronchus ± 5 cm in length and slightly slanting
± protected due to obliquity
TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
²Angle of Carina
(angle between the
two main stem
bronchi
²Should be less
than 60 degrees
BRONCHOGRAPHY
9
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9
CORONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF LUNGS
AND TRACHEA
bD CORONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF
LUNGS AND TRACHEA 0 Right Main Bronchus
0 Left Lung
,$
-
,9 '
-
TRANSVERSE FISSURE
Runs from the
anterior border
of the lung
along the fourth
costal cartilage
to the oblique
fissure
RADIOANATOMY OF HEART AND
GREAT VESSELS
PERICARDIUM AND PERICARDIAL CAVITY
-
,
1
,,
-.3,
4.,
-
30
21
,
-
1
/
,,
%
1 1
1 /
-
1
1
1
/
-
%
FOUR CHAMBER VIEW
CORONARY CIRCULATION
CORONARY CIRCULATION
0 Esophageal arteries
%-
4
,4+
%-
, ,
,1-
,
. 00
0
3 0
5
. 00
0
3
3 0 3
SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA
213
%
30
30%
PULMONARY ARTERIES
3