Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Process Selection
Process Selection
Process Selection
Process selection
Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized
Major implications
Capacity planning Layout of facilities Equipment Design of work systems
Capacity Planning
Layout
Technological Change
Work Design
Process Strategy
Key aspects of process strategy
Technology
Adjust to changes
Technology
Technology: The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes. Technology innovation: The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them.
Process Selection
Variety
How much
Flexibility
What degree
Volume
Expected output
Process Types
Job shop
Small scale
Batch
Moderate volume
Repetitive/assembly line
High volumes of standardized goods or services
Continuous
Very high volumes of non-discrete goods
Ineffective
Repetitive
Continuous (flow)
Ineffective
Facilities Layout
Layout: the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system
Product layouts
Process layouts
Fixed-Position layout Combination layouts
Accidents
The introduction of new products or services
Safety hazards
Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, highvolume flow Layout that can handle varied processing requirements Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed
Process layout
Product Layout
Figure 6.4 Raw materials or customer
Material and/or labor
Station 2
Material and/or labor
Station 3
Material and/or labor
Station 4
Finished item
Product Layout
Figure 6.7 (contd)
Product Layout
IN
OUT
4 5
Workers
6
OUT
10
Process Layout
Figure 6.7
M M
M M
D D
D D
D D
D D
L
L L L
L
L L L
G G
G G
Grinding Department
G G
P P
Painting Department
A
Assembly
Cellular Layouts
Cellular Production
Layout in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements
The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics
Group Technology
Functional
many
longer variable greater higher higher higher higher lower
Cellular
few
shorter fixed shorter lower lower lower lower higher
Service Layouts
Warehouse and storage layouts Retail layouts Office layouts Service layouts must be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional