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  • Lesson 16 Control of Heart 2013-14

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    The document summarizes the control and regulation of the heart. It discusses how the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, work to control heart rate and blood pressure both at rest and during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and cardiac output through the release of hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. During exercise, the sympathetic system is more active to elevate heart rate and redistribute blood flow, while the parasympathetic system acts to lower heart rate when exercise stops. Other factors like body temperature, blood composition, and mechanoreceptors also provide input to help regulate the heart efficiently under changing conditions.

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    Cardiac regulation

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    The document summarizes the control and regulation of the heart. It discusses how the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, work to control heart rate and blood pressure both at rest and during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and cardiac output through the release of hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. During exercise, the sympathetic system is more active to elevate heart rate and redistribute blood flow, while the parasympathetic system acts to lower heart rate when exercise stops. Other factors like body temperature, blood composition, and mechanoreceptors also provide input to help regulate the heart efficiently under changing conditions.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    38 views18 pages

    Lesson 16 Control of Heart 2013-14

    Uploaded by

    mancoll
    The document summarizes the control and regulation of the heart. It discusses how the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, work to control heart rate and blood pressure both at rest and during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and cardiac output through the release of hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. During exercise, the sympathetic system is more active to elevate heart rate and redistribute blood flow, while the parasympathetic system acts to lower heart rate when exercise stops. Other factors like body temperature, blood composition, and mechanoreceptors also provide input to help regulate the heart efficiently under changing conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    LESSON 15 AS PE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

    James Barraclough Control & Regulation of the Heart

    STARTER

    Student videos

    AIMS: CONTROL & REGULATION OF THE HEART


    Objectives: ALL learners will be able
    the heart: Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) Regulation during exercise to control & regulation of

    MOST learners will be able SOME learners will be able to HAND IN HOMEWORK

    ACTIVIT Y 1: 10 MINUTES
    ANSWERS: Cardiac control centre Medulla oblongata Autonomic nervous system Involuntarily Sympathetic Adrenaline Noradrenaline Increases Vasodilate Parasympathetic Acetylcholine Vasoconstrict

    ACTIVIT Y 2: CONTROL FACTORS

    In pairs you will be given a role to describe to the rest of group: Pair 1: neural factors (include proprioceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors) Pair 2: hormonal factors (include adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasoconstriction, vasodilation) Pair 3: intrinsic factors (include body temperature)
    Start your description: I am neural factors and I

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    1. Neural factors: Once exercise begins proprioceptors & mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons & joints send messages to CCC CCC informed amount of movement increased & more blood needed Chemoreceptors in aorta & carotid arteries tell CCC of changes in blood composition especially increased CO2 CCC increases HR to speed up CO2 removal Baroreceptors respond to changes in blood pressure caused by increased activity

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    2. Hormonal factors: When stimulated, sympathetic nerves cause release of adrenaline & noradrenaline Increases strength of ventricular contractions of heart & increases HR & cardiac output Also help control BP Assist in redistribution of blood to working muscles through vasoconstriction & Vasodilation of arterioles

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    3. Intrinsic Factors: Body temperature increases when we exercise Helps increase in blood flow round body (blood becomes less viscous) Helps increase HR by increasing speed of nerve impulse transmission

    ACTIVIT Y 3: Describe what happens to cardiac regulation during exercise (how sympathetic & parasympathetic systems work antagonistically & processes involved)

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    Regulation during exercise: At rest PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM overrides SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM & keeps HR down Once exercise begins SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM more active so HR can rise Increased metabolic activity causes increased concentration of CO2 & lactic acid in blood

    Increases acidity & decreases blood pH Chemoreceptors (in aortic arch/carotid arteries) detect these changes

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    then inform sympathetic centre in upper thoracic area of spinal cord Increases HR to transport CO2 to lungs to be expelled Messages from sympathetic centre sent to SA node via accelerator nerves releasing adrenaline & noradrenaline on stimulation

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    Adrenaline & noradrenaline (released from adrenal medulla at top of kidneys) have same effect: Increases HR Increases strength of contractions Increases metabolic activity Converts glycogen into glucose & makes it available to muscles Redistributes blood to working muscles

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    Other factors increasing HR during exercise: Increased body temperature & blood viscosity Increased venous return (more pumping) Both result in greater cardiac output

    CONTROL & REGULATION OF HEART


    When exercise stops SYMPATHETIC stimulation decreases & PARASYMPATHETIC system takes over Responds to info from baroreceptors (BP recorders) If BP too high, cardiac inhibitory centre sends message to SA node via vagus nerve Parasympathetic nerve releases acetylcholine decreases HR

    Continuous interaction of sympathetic & parasympathetic systems ensures heart works efficiently as possible
    Also enables sufficient nutrients to reach tissue cells to ensure effective muscle action

    HOMEWORK: TO BE HANDED IN & MARKED!!!

    NEXT LESSON...
    Cardiac dynamics: Stroke volume Heart rate Cardiac output During exercise The pulse The trained heart

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