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04 Conquest Med PPT 14
04 Conquest Med PPT 14
1. Carthage
Colony of Phoenicia
Alliance with Rome in Sicily (280 B.C.) during war with Pyrrhus Mutual suspicion
Messana in Sicily occupied by the Mamertines Blockade of Messana by Syracuse Mamertine appeal Carthaginian alliance with Syracuse Carthaginians and Syracusans defeated by Romans
Mammertine Coin
Corvus
Stalemate
Attempt at invasion of Carthage Initial defeat of Carthaginians Spartan Xanthippus: Mercenary hired to run Carthaginian army Roman defeat
Hamilcar Barca (247 B.C.): new Carthaginian commander Harrassment of Romans in Sicily and Italy Roman blockade of Lilybaeum and Drepanum in Sicily (242 B.C.) Carthaginian surrender (241 B.C.)
Hamilcar Barca
Surrender of Carthaginians
Consequences
Illyria
Roman suppression of piracy of Illyrians Illyria as client state of Rome Alliance of Demeterius of Pharos (Illyrian) with Macedonians (219 B.C.) Roman retaliation and flight of Demetrius to Macedonia
226 B.C.: Gallic invasion of N. Italy Extension of Roman Italy to Alps (225220 B.C.)
Roman Italy
Massilia (Gk state): appeal to Romans re Carthaginians Treaty between Carthage and Rome
Hannibal
Who was to blame for the outbreak of the 2nd Punic War?
Hannibals crossing of Apennines into Etruria (217 B.C.) and attempted recruitment of Italic allies 216 B.C.: Battle of Cannae
P. Cornelius Scipio (Scipio Africanus) to Africa in 204 B.C. Truce (203 B.C.) and breakdown
Terms of surrender
Scipio Africanus
4. Aftermath
Pacification of N. Italy and Spain Provinces of Hither and Farther Spain (Hispania Citerior and Ulterior) Cato the Elder
Masinissa, king of Numidia, client king of Rome, attacks Carthage (149 B.C.) Appeals to Rome Roman siege of Carthage (148-146 B.C.) 146 B.C.: final destruction of Carthage Creation of Roman province of Africa Proconsularis Was war necessary? Justifiable?
Masinissa of Numidia
A. Introduction
Death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) E. Mediterranean dominated by 3 great Hellenistic powers:
Antigonids (Greece and Asia Minor) Seleucids (Asia) Ptolemies (Egypt) Aetolian and Achaean League in Greece Kingdom of Pergamon in Asia Minor Republic of Rhodes in Aegean
The Hellenistic World Antigonids, Seleucids, Ptolemies; Aetolians, Achaeans, Pergamenes, Rhodians)
219 B.C.: flight of Demetrius of Pharos to Macedonia after revolt vs. Romans in Illyria 216 B.C.: made alliance with Philip V of Macedonia (Antigonid)
214 B.C.: War of Romans, Aetolians, Pergamenes against Philip V 205 B.C.: Philips treaty with Aetolians and Pergamenes
Greece: Macedonia
Philip V of Macedon
Antigonid Line
201 B.C.: Pergamenes and Rhodians appeal to Rome for help vs. Philip 200 B.C. Roman alliance with Achaean League, Pergamum, Rhodes, and Athens vs. Philip 198 B.C.: Titus Quinctius Flamininus : new Roman commander 197 B.C.: Battle of Cynoscephelae
Recognized autonomy of all Greek city states Evacuated troops from Greece outside of Macedonia Surrendered Macedonian navy Paid indemnity Status as client king
T. Quinctius Flamininus
Antiochus III
Seleucid Line
Lower Syria from Ptolemies Territory in Asia Minor and Thrace from Antigonids
192 B.C.: Attack by Aetolians on Romes allied states in Greece; invitation to Antiochus 191 B.C.: Defeat of Antiochus and Aetolians in Battle of Thermopylae
Thermopylae in Greece
Surrender substantial amount of territory in Asia Minor Hand over most of navy and all war elephants Pay indemnity Astain from attacking allies of Rome
191 B.C.: Aetolian refusal to surrender after Battle of Thermopylae 189 B.C.: Treaty between Aetolia and Rome
Greek city-states (esp. in Achaean League): unhappy about Roman interference in affairs Philip V of Macedon: bitter over settlement with Aetolians Perseus of Macedon (successor to Philip): negotiations with anti-Roman elements in Greece
Perseus of Macedon
172 B.C: Roman delegation to Perseus 171 B.C.: Roman army in Greece 167 B.C.: Battle of Pydna (L. Aemilius Paulus)
Dismantiling of Macedonian territory into 4 republics Royal lands and treasury property of Roman state
1,000 hostages from Achaean League (Polybius) Sack of Epirus (167 B.C.)
Epirus
Andriscus seizes power in Macedonia (149 B.C.) Crushed by Roman army at Pydna (148 B.C.) Macedonia annexed as Roman province
Greece: Corinth
1. Settlement of Greece
Achaean League dissolved Greek cities entered into individual relations with Rome: allies or subjects Greece placed under the supervision of Roman governor of Macedonia.
2. Province of Asia
133 B.C.: Attalus III of Pergamon willed his kingdom to Rome New Roman province of Asia Romans: masters of much of Mediterranean