Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2G Call Drop Analysis
2G Call Drop Analysis
References
31160978-BSC Traffic Statistic
Manual Volume I
31033203-BSS Troubleshooting
Manual
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
call drop: TCH call drop means TCH channel is released abnormally after it is occupied successfully. SDCCH call drop means SDCCH channel is released abnormally after it is occupied successfully.
Page 5
Page 6
Equipment failure
Protocol error Preemption
Page 7
Formula of TCH call drop rate TCH call drop rate=TCH call drops / Successful TCH seizures (all)
Page 8
Page 9
timer for the target cell to wait for HANDOVER COMPLETE message expires.
TCH serves as traffic channel, outgoing BSC handover initiated and the
timer for the source cell to wait for CLEAR COMMAND message from MSC expires (T8 expires).
In intra-BSC handover procedure, the target cell sends Inter Clear Request
to the source cell when the timer for the target cell to wait for HANDOVER COMPLETE from MS expires, in this case, this item is measured in the source cell.
Page 10
for directed retry, measures the item when the timer for the source cell to wait for Inter Clear Request with cause value HANDOVER COMPLETE from the target cell expires.
In Intra-BSC handover procedure, when the target cell AM/CM net-drive fails
(due to timeout or negative acknowledgement), the target cell sends Inter Clear Request to source cell, in this case, this item is measured in the source cell.
In the case that MS reverses to the original channel after intra BSC handover
fails, the source cell first releases the terrestrial connection but the AM/CM re-net-drive fails (due to timeout or negative acknowledgement). In this case this item is measured in the source cell.
The resource of the lower_priority call will be preempted by the
higher_priority call if MSC and BSC both supports preemption, which will cause call drop.
This item is measured when the RSL link of the TRX that the call is using
A S S I G N M E N T R E Q U E S T C H A N N E L A C T I C A T I O N C H A N N E L A C T I V A T I O N A C K A S S I G N C M M A N D S A B M U A E S T A B L I S H I N D I C A T I O N
E R R O R I N D I C A T I O N C O N N E C T I O N F A I L U R E I N D I C A T I O N A 1 A 2
Page 12
Intercell Handover Request CH ACT CH ACT ACK Intercell Handover Response HANDOVER COMMAND
A1
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION
A2
Page 13
M S C
H A N D O V E R R E Q U I R E D H A N D O V E R R E Q U E S T C H A C T C H A C T A C K
H A N D O V E R R E Q U E S T A C K H A N D O V E R C O M M A N D H A N D O V E R A C C E S S S A B M U A
H A N D O V E R D E T E C T
E R R O R I N D I C A T I O N A 1 C O N N E C T I O N F A I L U R E I N D I C A T I O N A 2
Page 14
Upon BSCs reception of CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE message from BTS in very early assignment TCH process.
In the case the target cell of directed retry is located in other BSC and directed retry succeeds, MSC sends CLEAR COMMAND message to the originating BSC to release the original connection. This item is measured when the originating BSC receives this message.
In the case the directed retry target cell is located in the same BSC and the directed retry succeeds, target cell sends Inter Clear Request message to the source cell to request to release the resource and the original connection. This item is measured when the source cell receives this message.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 15
This item is measured when BSC sends ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE message to MSC after the assignment procedure is successfully implemented. In incoming BSC handover procedure, MS sends HANDOVER ACCESS message to the BSC. This item is measured when BSC receives HANDOVER DETECT message from BTS. In the process of incoming internal inter cell handover and intracell handover in BSC, MS sends HANDOVER ACCESS message to BSC. BSC measures this item in the target cell when receiving HANDOVER DETECTION message from BTS.
Page 16
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Channel Required Channel Activation (TCH or SDCCH) Channel Activation Acknowledge Immediate Assignment Command
Page 17
Assignment process
MS
BTS
CH_ACT CH_ACT_ACK ASS_CMD ASS_CMD EST_IND ASS_CMP ASS_CMP
BSC
ASS_REQ
MSC
ASS_CMP
Page 18
BTS1
BSC
BTS2
MS
MSC
Measurement Report from MS Channel_Active Channel_Active ACK HANDOVER COMMAND HO_ Access
Handover Complete
HO_Performed
Page 19
MS
BTS1
BSC1
MSC
BSC2
BTS2
MS
Measure Report from MS HO_Required HO_Request CH_ACT HO_Request_ACK HO_CMD HO_Detect CH_ACT_ACK HO_Access HO_Detect PHY INFO PHY INFO Establish_IND First SABM HO_CMP Clear_CMD Clear_CMP Handover Complete
Handover Command
Page 20
Page 21
SDCCH call drop rate = SDCCH call drops/ successful SDCCH seizures*100%
Page 22
message from BTS due to an abnormal case for a radio link layer connection.
This item is measured when BSC receives CONNECTION FAILURE
INDICATION message from BTS because an active connection has been broken for some reason such as SDCCH link failure or hardware failure (see GSM 0508 for details).
In incoming BSC handover procedure on SDCCH, this item is measured
in the target cell in the case of the failure of decoding HANDOVER DETECTION and HANDOVER COMPLETE message.
In the process of incoming BSC handover on SDCCH, this item is
measured in the target cell when the timer for the target cell to wait for the HANDOVER COMPLETE message expires.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 23
measured when the timer for the source cell to wait for CLEAR COMMAND message from MSC expires (T8 expires).
In the process of intra BSC handover on SDCCH, this item is measured
in the source cell when the timer for the source cell or the target cell to wait for HANDOVER COMPLETE message expires.
This item is measured when the RSL link of the TRX that the call is
running on disconnect, which will cause call drop, this item measures call drop on SDCCH for RSL disconnection.
Page 24
BTS
BSC
MSC
Channel Request Channel Required Channel Activation (SDCCH) Channel Activation Acknowledge Immediate Assignment Immediate Assignment Command Establish Indication (L3 Info)
Or: Or:
Page 25
measured when BSC receives CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE message from BTS.
In the process of incoming BSC handover on SDCCH. This
intracell handover in BSC.BSC measures this item in the target cell when receiving HANDOVER DETECTION from BTS.
Page 26
Page 27
content main causes of high call drop rate troubleshooting of high call drop rate
Page 28
caused by the following: Radio link fault. During the communication, messages can not be received correctly. Abis link broken during conversation. Call drop during handover. Other system faults.
Timers that may cause call drops (BSC timer):
T3103: starting from sending HANDOVER CMD and ending at receiving HANDOVER CMP. Time out of the timer will cause call drop. T3109: starting from sending CHAN REL and ending at receiving REL IND.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 29
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
(3)
(1) Dadicated mode is created. (SDCCH/TCH) (2) Activate Abis monitoring function. (3)SACCH message block can not be decoded(uplink/downlink), resulting in radio link timeout.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 30
Page 31
MS
BTS1
BTS2
Handover Indication CH_ACT
BSC
MSC
CH_ACT_ACK Handover Command Handover Access Physical Information (TA) SABM UA Handover Complete Handover Complete Reset T3103 EST_IND Handover Command HO_Detect Set T3103
Page 32
Interference Internal interference External interference Equipment interference Poor coverage Coverage hole Isolated island Uplink/downlink imbalance Improper parameter setting Radio link timeout, SACCH multi-frames Handover parameters Power control parameters Equipment problem (Antenna, feeder, combiner, TRX) Clock problem Transmission problem
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 33
Co-channel interference Adjacent-channel interference Inter-modulation interference and other external interference
Page 34
First check equipment problems. Make an drive test, check the interference area and distribution of signal quality. Find the interference frequency.
Further search for the interference source with the spectrum analyzer.
Activate hopping, DTX and power control functions to lower the internal interference of the system
Page 35
Analyze the occurrence regularity of interference band in the traffic measurement. Observe the receiving level performance
Page 36
Page 37
Power control measurement function Receiving level measurement function Cell measurement function/inter-cell handover measurement function
Page 38
Page 39
Radio link timeout and SACCH multi-frames RACH busy threshold and RACH minimum access level. MS minimum receiving signal level
Page 40
Page 41
System information data Cell data Radio link connection timer (T3105)
Page 42
Handover Problem
Judgment process :
In inter-cell handover measurement function, it occurs frequently that the handover fails and the reversion also fails. In inter-cell handover measurement function, handover failures with successful reversions occur many times. In undefined adjacent cell measurement function, observe the receiving level of the undefined adjacent cells and number of the measurement reports.
Page 43
Handover Problem
Judgment process
In outgoing inter-cell handover measurement function, the outgoing inter-cell handover success rate is low (for a certain cell). Find the adjacent cell to which the handover success rate is low and find the cause. Incoming inter-cell handover success rate is low. The handover judgment parameter setting of the target cell may be improper. In TCH measurement function, handover times are not in normal proportion to successful TCH seizures for call. (handovers/calls>3)
Page 44
Equipment Problem
Call drop arising from equipment problem
Other causes
Page 45
Page 46
The BTS distribution of an area is as illustrated in the diagram (red numbers stand for BCCH frequencies. No hopping, no DTX). Some subscribers complain that call drop in second sector of base station C is serious. Hardware fault has been ruled out.
please confirm whether the frequency distribution in the cells are resonable?
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 47
From the analysis of BTS topology, it can be concluded that the frequencies are well planned.
Page 48
IB1
2.85 4.09 0
IB2
14.25 12.57 2.92
IB3
1.14 3.14 13.27
IB4
0.27 0.03 0.25
IB5
0.54 0.01 0.37
03:00~04:00
cell 1 cell 2 cell 3
IB1
2.85 4.09 0
IB2
4.28 2.89 2.12
IB3
0.00 0.00 0.00
IB4
0.00 0.00 0.00
IB5
0.00 0.00 0.00
Page 49
Conducting a drive tests, it is found that the quality is bad when the receiving strength is high. Check traffic statistic and it is found that when the call drop rate is high, handovers are mostly caused by quality reasons, and channel assignment failure rate is also high. The conclusion is that there is interference from the analysis of comprehensive traffic statistic and drive test.
Page 50
A site investigation shows that the operator has a repeater. It is a broadband repeater. It transmits the signals from a remote TACS site. TACS signals are amplified and then there is interference in second sector of base station C. Problem has been located: interference causes the call drop. Finally, lower the power of the repeater. The interference band reduce to IB1. Now the high call drop rate problem at site C is solved.
Page 51
Rule out the internal interference caused by equipment problems and check the separation of BTS transceivers, antenna feeder installation, and so on. Check the interference band
Drive test
Check traffic statistic of handover causes to get judgment Clear uplink interference Clear downlink interference Check whether DTX, frequency hopping technology and power control application are reasonable Use PBGT handover algorithm flexibly to avoid co-channel and adjacentchannel interference effectively.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 52
The call drop rate in cell 3 of a BTS is 10% accompanied with high congestion rate, but call drop rate and congestion rate in cell 1 and cell 2 are normal.
Page 53
Check the related traffic statistic Check whether there is high interference band in TCH measurement function.
Block TRX in turn and the congestion rate is always quite high no matter which TRX is blocked. Check and analyze the traffic statistic, interference band and traffic volume and call drop rate, and it is found that the interference becomes more serious as the traffic gets high. Change frequency. The frequency of cell 3 is changed to 1MHz away from the original value. But the problem persists. Judge whether the equipment is faulty. Locate external interference.
Page 55
Make a scanning test with a spectrum analyzer. A suspect signal with 904.14MHz center frequency, 300K bandwidth is found. It is similar to an analog signal and it exists continuously. At the distributor output port of cell 3, the signal strength is 27dBm. cell 2 is 40dBm, cell 1 is 60dBm. It accords with the degree of interference. Traffic volume is higher in the day time than that at night. Now the problem is found: 904MHz external interference source.
Page 56
Solve internal interference through checking frequency planning. After internal interference is excluded, we can locate external interference with spectrum analyzer.
Page 57
Subscribers complain that call drops often happen from on the 5th floor and above in a building.
Subscriber complaint is also an important source of information about the network quality.
Page 58
Perform on-site test There are call drops and noise on the site The test mobile phone shows that before the call drop the serving cell is BTS-B. But this building should be covered by BTS-A. Check traffic statistic BTS-B is about 9 kilometers away from this building. It is determined that the BTS-B signal received in this area is coming from some obstacles reflection. Thus an isolated island coverage is formed in this area.
Page 59
Check data configuration In BSC data configuration, BTS-A is not configured as the adjacency of BTS-B
The signal in cell 2 of BTS-B is the result of multiple reflections. When the signal of BTS-B received by the mobile phone gets weak suddenly, an emergency handover is needed. But there is no adjacent cell of BTS-B, so call drops will occur.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 60
Modify the data in BA1 table, BA2 table and add adjacent cell relationship, set cell 3 of BTS-A as an adjacent cell of cell 2 of BTS-B. Optimize the network parameters to eliminate the isolated island.
The test results show that the call drop problem is solved.
Page 61
Adjust the antenna of the isolated cell, to eliminate the isolated island problem. Define new adjacent cells for the isolated cell.
Page 62
In a drive test from A to B, it is found that there are many call drops at entrance of a tunnel near a BTS due to slow handover.
Page 63
The tunnel is near the BTS. When the MS enters the tunnel, the power of the target cell is -80dBm. But the signal of source cell goes down quickly to less than -100dBm. Before the MS enters the tunnel, the downlink power of the two cells is good and no handover is triggered. When the MS enters the tunnel, the level of the source cell goes down rapidly. The call drop occurs before any handover is triggered.
Page 64
The adjusted parameters are listed below. Parameter name PBGT watch time PBGT valid time PBGT HO threshold UL Qual. Thrsh. (Emergency handover) Min. DL level on candidate cell
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
On condition that there is no ping-pang handover and excessive voice interruption, PBGT handover can help to reduce interference and lower call drop rate. Set emergency handover thresholds properly, and make sure the emergency handover can be triggered in time before the call drop so as to reduce call drops.
Page 66
Check the traffic statistic and find out that TCH congestion rate of this cell is over 10% and internal inter-cell handover failure rate is high. It is found that one TRX board of this cell is abnormal in OMC. A preliminary conclusion is that TRX board problem causes the call drop.
Page 67
Lock the frequency with a test mobile phone and perform dial test for many times. It is found that call drops only happen in timeslots 1, 3, 5, 7 while communications in timeslots 2, 4, 6, 8 are normal. Move this board to another slot, and the problem still exists. Move another good board to this slot, and the communication is normal. Move this defective board to other cabinet, the problem arises. When it is replaced, the communication is recovered.
Page 68
The BTS test should guarantee that communication should be successful not only in each TRX but also in each timeslot of the TRX. It must be ensured that each TCH channel provides bidirectional high quality communication.
Page 69
In dual-band network, when a call is setup in a GSM1800 cell and being handed over to a GSM900 cell in the same site, the call drops in the GSM900 cell in 2 to 5 seconds. The call drop rate in the GSM900 cell is quite high.
Page 70
In the test it is found that the clock of GSM900 cell and GSM1800 cell are not synchronized. When a call set up in a GSM1800 cell and is handed over to a GSM900 cell, the drive test tool shows that FER increases to the maximum value suddenly and then it goes down to zero gradually. It is the same with the handover from GSM900 to GSM1800.
Page 71
After adjusting GSM900 clock system, the abnormal call drop problem is solved.
Page 72
Clocks of GSM900 and GSM1800 should be exactly synchronized with each other in a dual band network, otherwise there will be call drops and handover failures.
Page 73
Summary
Types of call drop Measurement points of TCH call drop Measurement points of SDCCH call
drop
Causes of call drop
Cases
Page 74
Thank You
www.huawei.com