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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) AND Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) AND Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
NAME
STUDY OF TRENDS TECHNOLOGIES IN COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING has been a small effort in reviewing the trends technologies prevailing in telecommunication . For this purpose, no organization other than Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited could have been a better choice. I have also come across with the knowledge that how to work with a great professionalism in any organization. It helped me to enhance skills such as practical knowledge.
SDH is an international standard for high speed telecommunication over optical/electrical networks ,can transport digital signals. Synchronous : One master synchronize with it. clock & all elements
Three different hierarchies with different signal formats Point-to-point transmission\ manual approach to network management and maintenance. In sufficient capacity for network management.
Basic packaging unit for tributary signals Synchronous to the STM-1 Bitrate adaptation is done via a positive stuffing procedure Adaptation of synchronous tributaries by fixed stuffing bits Bit by bit stuffing Formation of the Container by adding of a POH (Path Overhead) Transport as a unit through the network (SDH) A VC containing several VCs has also a pointer area
270
RSOH
AU Pointer
Payload
(transport capacity)
MSOH
RSOH: Regenerator section overhead MSOH: Multiplex section overhead Payload: Area for information transport
Formed by adding a Section Overhead (SOH) to AUs Clock justification through positive-zero-negative stuffing in the AU pointer area byte by byte stuffing
NUMBER OF ROWS = 9 NUMBER OF COLUMNS = 9+261=270 NUMBER OF BYTES = 9x270 NUMBER OF BITS = 9x270x8 NUMBER OF BITS / SECOND = 9x270x8x8000 =155520000 =155.520 Mbps (STM-1) BIT RATE OF STM-N = (Nx155.520) Mbps
Multiplexing several optical signals having different wavelengths single fiber and transmitting simultaneously over a is known as Wavelength Division
Multiplexing.
When having to move traffic on spans stretching more than 800 km, it is obvious to select the DWDM system over SDH system . DWDM has wavelength spacing ~0.8nm.
TRANSPONDER
Converts broadband optical signals to a specific wavelength. Receive Transponders perform reverse function.
DWDM Multiplexer
DWDM Demultiplexer
Separated Wavelengths
OPTICAL AMPLIFIER(OA)
OA used is Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier(EDFA) which amplifies optical signal.
Scalability
Network Transparency