MODERNISM IN LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC: FOLKLORE, TRADITION, AND NATIONALISM

NATIONALISM IN WESTERN MUSIC

Homogeneous understanding of styles: e.g. German-French dances. Uniformity in music crafting. Romanticism: Awareness of the idiosyncratic features/national music idiom e.g. Russian five, Bartok. Craft of an original, landmark musical idiom.

pre-Columbian traditions
Three main civilizations: Aztec, Mayan, and Inca.
Very few known regarding pre-Columbian music practice/craft. Pentatonic collections, monotonous rhythms, monody.

Percussion and wind instruments.

Religious rituals banned by the catholic church.

Colonialism

Music of the colonies was mainly European. Reinterpretation of their musical traditions. Mutual influence and adaptation between Spanish, Natives and African cultures.

Mestizaje and Syncretism

De espanol y de India, Mestiza. Miguel Cabrera (1763) Graphic representation of the racial mixture, and its resultant offspring. Majority of the population by the independence.

Colonialism
Integration of the African culture to the ethnic mixing = Rhythmic element, characteristic of Latin American music. Completion of the process. The roots of modern Latin American music.

complementing the technical and aesthetic elements of each into novel and wholly original syncretic styles. Brill.
Aesthetical blend: creation of new genres, (forms remained the same), ensembles, adaptation of new instruments.

Latin American Nationalism

Independence from the Spanish rule. Awareness of the social reality.

Strive for identity.

Adaptation of indigenous elements to express their culture (The resultant of Mestizaje). Result = Latin American nationalist sentiment

Latin American Nationalism

Carlos Chavez

Alberto Ginastera

Heitor VillaLobos

Carlos Chavez
Sinfonia India very simple in texture, harmony, and melodic material (mainly pentatonic), straightforward idiom. energetic up-beat accented percussion.
neo-African polyrhythmic structures

elegiac and melancholic tones. King.

extensive use of Aztec instruments in combination with the standard instruments. Brill

Parallel Stravinsky, Chavez

Parallel Stravinsky, Chavez

Conclusion
Civilizations developed enough to create a sense of culture in the pre-Columbian American continent.

Colonial period served as the canvas for the creation of a hybrid culture.
Such culture strived for identity after the independence. Nationalism in the field of music; revival of traditional music.

Bibliography
Bauer, Marion. Twentieth Century Music. New York: G.P.Putnams Sons, 1947. Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean. Boston, MA: Prentice Hall, 2011. Borras, Grard. Msicas, sociedades y relaciones de poder en Amrica Latina. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mxico: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2000.

Chase, Gilbert. A Guide to Latin American Music. [Washington]: Library of Congress, Music Div, 1945.

Bibliography
Chavez, Carlos. Symphony No.2 (Sinfonia India), score. New York: G. Schimer, 1950. Euba, Akin. Intercultural Music in Africa and Latin America: A Comparative View of Fela Sowande and Carlos Chvez, Musical Cultures of Latin America (2003): 309-320. Forster, Merlin H. Tradition and Renewal: Essays on TwentiethCentury Latin American Literature and Culture. United States: University of Illinois Press, 1975. King, John. The Cambridge Companion to Modern Latin American Culture. United Kingdom: University Press, Cambridge, 2004. Loza, Steven Joseph, and Jack Bishop. Musical cultures of Latin America: global effects, past and present: proceedings of an international conference, University of California, Los Angeles, May 28-30, 1999. Los Angeles: Dept. of Ethnomusicology and Systematic Musicology, University of California, 2003.

Bibliography
Grove Music Online, s.v. "Carlos Chvez," (by Robert Parker), http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com (accessed November 02, 2013). Posada, Andres. La Proyeccion de la Nueva Musica en America Latina: Globalizacion y Periferia, Artes ,La Revista, N9- Vol 5 (January-June 2005). Ros-Fbregas, Emilio. Nicolas Slonimsky (1894-1995) y sus Escritos Sobre Msica en Latinoamrica: Reivindicacin de un Fishing Trip. Universidad de Granada (2007). http://hdl.handle.net/10261/57955Search (Accessed September 10, 2013). Stravinsky, Igor. The Rite of spring. Complete Score. IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library. http://imslp.org. Kiev: Musytschna Ukrania, ca.1980.

The Music Sales Group. Sinfonia India op. 2 (1935), G Schirmer Inc. http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/work/26826 (Accessed October 27, 2013).