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CRE II Heterogeneous Catalysis L1-2: Prof. K.K.Pant Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Delhi
CRE II Heterogeneous Catalysis L1-2: Prof. K.K.Pant Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Delhi
CRE II Heterogeneous Catalysis L1-2: Prof. K.K.Pant Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Delhi
CRE-II
Prerequisite CHL-122 Course Outline
310
8-9
Mass transfer, Diffusion and Chemical reactions in catalysts. Effects of external mass transfer and heat transfer, 2 Effectiveness factors. 8-9
Course outline , contd.. Fixed bed catalytic reactors, reactor models, concept of heterogeneous models.
Non-catalytic gas-solid reactions, different model for gas-solid reaction, 4 Gas liquid reactions, film and penetration theories, enhance factor in gas-liquid reactions, Concept of Reactor Design 4
Reactor systems for gas-liquid reactions. Laboratory / design activity (time permitting). 2-3
Grading: QUIZ : 10 (ONE ONLY), TERM Paper 4, Assignments/ Tut. : 2+4, Minors 2( 40), Major (40) NO MAKE UP EXAMS 3
Books:
Fogler H.S, Elements of chemical reaction engineering IV th Ed . ( Text Book: MUST be BRING during TUTORIAL SESSIONs)
What is a catalyst ??
Alters the rate of reaction with high selectivity
-What is Catalyst ? Allow reactions occur under a milder conditions, e.g. at lower temperatures for those heat sensitive materials
It is important to remember that the use of catalyst DOES NOT vary DG & Keq values of the reaction concerned, it merely change the PACE of the process.
Assignment 1
Due date: August 6th
1. Give the Thermodynamic criteria for a Chemical Reaction. 2. Write down an Algorithm for calculation of product composition in a multiple reaction from Thermodynamic analysis (case study: Steam reforming of Ethanol (PRODUCTS: CH4, CO, CO2, and H2, T= 500-800 C) State other conditions used. 3. Different types of Reactors used in Chemical Process Industries.
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Action of Catalysts
The reaction activation energy is altered The intermediates formed are different from those formed in non-catalytic reaction
It is important to remember that the use of catalyst DOES NOT vary DG & Keq values of the reaction concerned, it merely change the PACE of the process.
Whether a reaction can proceed or not and to what extent a reaction can proceed is solely determined by the reaction thermodynamics, which is governed by the values of DG & Keq, NOT by the presence of catalysts.
The reaction thermodynamics provide the driving force for a rxn; the presence of catalysts changes the way how driving force acts on that process.
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e.g CH4(g) + CO2(g) = 2CO(g) + 2H2(g) DG373=151 kJ/mol (100 C) & DG973
There is no thermodynamic driving force,the reaction wont proceed with or without a catalyst
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At 700C, DG373= -16 kJ/mol < 0. The thermodynamic driving force is there. However, simply putting CH4 and CO2 together in a reactor does not mean they will react. Without a proper catalyst heating the mixture in reactor results no conversion of CH4 and CO2 at all.