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CPI Report!the Flour Industry
CPI Report!the Flour Industry
INTRODUCTION
What is flour?
•
•
• a fine, powdery
substance, or meal,
produced by grinding
and sifting grain, esp.
wheat, or any of various
edible roots, nuts, etc.
Etymology
•
• A variant of the word
“flower”
• Derived from Old French
“fleur”
• Literal: “blossom”
• Figurative: “the finest”
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Earliest
Devices:
The
Saddlesto
ne
Earliest
Devices:
The
Mortar
and
Pestle
Earliest
Devices:
The
Quern
• 25 B.C. – Vitruvius described a
water mill
• 1150 – The windmill reached the
European continent
• 1632 - The first mill in
Boston was built
• 1786 – First fully automatic
mill was built by Oliver
Evans
• 1865 – Edmun La Croix
introduced the first
middlings purifier
•
•
1878 – The first roller mill was
used in Minneapolis,
Minnesota
Components of Flour
• 65% -70% starch
• 9% - 14% protein
• 4 % - others (Cellulose, fats,
sugar)
•
• Gliadin and glutenin are the
proncipal proteins
USES
• Baking breads, cakes,
cookies, and many other
foods
•
• Wheat flour is a base for
adhesives and paper mache
TYPES OF FLOUR
Wheat Flour
• Most commonly used flour
• Its varieties are hard and soft
Bread Flour – high in gluten
(Triticum
spp.) is a
worldwide
cultivated
grass
Major raw
material for
the
production of
wheat flour
Minor Raw Materials
• Bleaching agents – for whiter
flour
• Oxidizing agents – to
enhance quality of flour
• Leavening Agents – for
baking quality
• Vitamins and Minerals – to
enrich the flour with B-
vitamins, iron, and floic acid
EXISTING INDUSTRIES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Bex Philippines Inc.
A f a m ily ow n e d com p a n y
Pr od u ce s cocon u t sh e ll p ow d e r,
r ice h u lls p ow d e r, W H EAT
FLOUR, a nd ca ssa va m e a l
General Milling
Corporation
It e xp a n d e d t o fe e d m illin g , corn
m illin g , a g r ib u sin e ss, a n d
f e r m e n t a t ion
On e of t h e b ig g e st p r od u ce r s of
b ot h f lou r a n d a n im a l f e e d s
Pilmico Foods
Corporation
Pr od u ce s w or ld cla ss w h e a t
f lou r a n d r e la t e d p r od u ct s
Som e of it s b r a n d s a r e Su n
M oon St a r, Su n sh in e , Ku t it a p ,
M e g a st a r, a n d W ood e n Sp oon
Universal Robina
Corporation
Pr od uce s a nd se lls h a r d
a nd sof t w he a t f lou r t o
b ot h com m e r cia l a nd
inst it ut iona l a ccoun t s
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Middlings
• Endosperm fragments from
wheat kernels
• Final Shorts – a mixture of
bran bits and powdered
endosperm and germ
•
• Gluten – sticky protein
formed when gliadin and
glutenin link together
•
• Ash – the mineral residue left
after burning of flour
samples
UNIT OPERATIONS
• Milling – process wherein
wheat kernels are being
pulverized or powdered
• Fractionation – involves air
streams and centrifugal
force
• Oxidation – aging the flour
• Bleaching – process to
obtain whiter flour
• Tempering – conditioning of
wheat kernels
Actual
Manufacturing
Process and
Equipment
Cleaning the Wheat
• Separator
• Aspirator
• Disk Separator
• Scourer
• Magnetic Separator
• De-Stoner
•
Cleaning the Wheat
Separator
• Larger objects
than the
kernels will
be removed
Cleaning the Wheat
Aspirator
• Sucks up
materials
that are
lighter than
wheat grains
Cleaning the Wheat
Disk
Separator
• Collect Objects
with the
same size as
of te grain
Cleaning the Wheat
Intensive
Scourer
• Removes outer
husks of the
kernels and
small
impurities
Cleaning the Wheat
Magnetic
Separator
• Magnets the
metals like
iron and steel
Cleaning the Wheat
De-stoner
• Removes
stones that
are same size
as the grains
Tempering the
Wheat
• Tempering bins
• Entoleter
Tempering the
WheatTempering
Bins
• Tempered
wheats are
stored here
for about 8-
24 hours
Tempering the
Wheat
Entoleter
• Hurl the grains
of wheats
aginst metal
pins
Grinding the Wheat
• Grinding Bins
• Corrugated Rollers or
Breaker Rolls
• Sifters or Sieves
• Middlings Purifier
•
Grinding the Wheat
Grinder
• Large hoppers
that will feed
the kernels
to the milling
process
Grinding the Wheat
Roller mill
• Cracks open
kernels and
separate
bran from
inner layer of
grains
Grinding the Wheat
Sifters
• Separates
middlings
from the
bran and
others
Grinding the Wheat
Purifier
End