GROUP MAMBER:

YONG CHEA CHEE

NABILAH NAJAH BT MOHD NASIR
HALIMATUN BT ABDUL AZIZ
FARIDATUL SAKINAH BT OTHMAN
AZMIRAH BT MOHAMMAD

LECTURER:
PUAN NOR AZAN BT ABD.GANI
Transportation is design and used by human to travel or to move
a things from one place to another place.

There are three category of transport that is in the air, on the

water, and land transport.

The transport that shows up large innovation is railway

transport.
History and invention of railway

Railway transport is the conveyance of passengers and

goods by mean of wheeled vehicles running along railways

Roadway or Rut way

The railways form from the roadway track. The use of

roadway track is to provide the ruts and guide to the wheels
and to prevent the cart from leaving the road line.
 Tra
ces
600 B.C. the roadway track has been innovate into traces. Which
the human or animal ran in grooves that filled limestone. At this
early century the main purpose use of traces and cart is to carry
the goods, coal or stone from mines to waterways or port.
Wooden road way

Wooden rail started to use as replacement to the

traditional groove traces.
The cart is with a hemp haulage rope and powered by
human or animal.
These early wood rail line were often built on privately owned
land such as estate and mines owner.
 Steel rails

In late 1760s, the wooden rails surface began replaced by iron steel to
because it’s surface more smooth and more easy rolling by wheel and
requires less energy than road transport.
Wagon train
A wagon is define as any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles
drawn by an animal or a tractor.

A wagon train is a group of wagons travelling together in a line.

wheels of wagon were made of wood and strengthened with

iron
A wagon contained large water barrel, toolbox, and a canopy
frame it is hauled by animal such as horse.

People usually use wagon to transport goods to far distance places because
wagon can load much more things compare to cart and it is fully animal powered.
Wagon train
-the first travel
transport

-fully powered by animal

-load much more goods

compare to cart

-the first commercial

transport that allow human
travel in for distance
-it is not consider
fast enough although
compare to cart -animal water and food need
to be prepared.

-human have to guide the

animal. -need to stop from
place to place
because animal need
rest

-the road is uneven, rocky

and soft this causes the
wagon often turn over.
History and invention of steam train
The steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway. The basic form of steam
locomotive is boiler, steam circuit, chassis, running gear, fuel and water. The steel
boiler is filled with water and surrounded by firebox.
The steam powered locomotive doesn’t commercial because the technology at that
time haven’t mature, it only can powered the train within few miles.
The first train that
doesn’t require any
human and animal
power
•Travel at a level of
speed are more faster
than animal’s powered
wagon.

•More heavy loaded and

long distance capability.
 Less thermal efficiency
than modern diesels

Required constant
maintenance

•Required large scale of labor to

keep steam engine operate.
In conclusion, the weak performance of steam engine, high maintenance and
unstable of steam engine lead to human to seek for alternative to replace steam.
History
Diesel powered mean that the use of diesel engine and diesel fuel to
produce energy for railroad locomotive. In 1892, Dr. Rudolf Diesel patented the
first compression ignition engine.

How does diesel engine

works

The air is introduced into the combustion chamber and it will then compressed to
become high compression heats air

At this moment the fuel will be inject into the combustion chamber mixed with
the high compression air. The heat of compressed air vaporizes the fuel until the
vapor reaches ignition temperature and burn. The increase pressure of combustion
gases above the piston then drives the piston downward. The piston will drive the
wheel.
•The life of diesel engine is much more
longer then steam engine.

•Diesel fuel is consider safer than

steam engine.

•Diesel engine produce more horse

power then steam engine.
 Diesel engine produce a
mono-carbon gas that
dangerous to people

•Diesel fuel price is getting

higher.

•Diesel engine are very loud and

noisy.
oIn conclusion, although diesel-electric is the most suitable and powerful to train
for long journey travel but it produce too much dark smoke(mono-carbon) and the
engine is noisy. It is not suitable to use in city. Finally human invented the electric
powered train.
Electric train was built by a Scotsman, Robert Davidson of Aberdeen in 1837 and
powered batteries

An electric train is a powered by electricity from an external source.

Sources include overhead lines, third rail, or an on-board electricity storage
device such as a battery or flywheel system.
•Electric train lack of
pollution from engine
train.

•Electrification also results

in higher performance and
maintenance costs.

•Lower energy costs

for electric train.
•Cost for infrastructure
(overhead power lines or
electrified third rail,
substations, control
systems)
 Disadvantage of maglev

it is more costly to build a large electrical

the infrastructure power source is
compare to electric train needed
infrastructure.

the speed is too high that a

small careless or small
problem will cause serious
injure and losses to human.
 Advantage of maglev

travel in quiet

no engine is light weight

needed

no pollution
Magnetic levitation or maglev is a system of transportation that
suspend can prop vehicles predominantly train using magnetic
levitation for every large number of magnet for lift and
momentum.
The technology has potentials to accept 6400km/h

. The maglev transport use no wheel.

How maglev track produce a magnetic field

A maglev track is full install with magnetized coil along the track,
called a guide way, repels the large magnets on the train
undercarriage.
This magnetic field will float the train. With the certain technique
change of polarity it will causes the magnetic field in front of train
pull the train forward and the magnetic field behind will push the
train forward
Train
is the most innovative and most revolution transport
compare to other vehicle.

Train nowadays as the important transport in human life.

Low cost transport, low cost maintenance, and high

efficiency is the main benefits train bring to us.