Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

What or where is Vojvodina?

Narodno graditeljstvo || Vernacular architecture

Narodno graditeljstvo je: jedinstveno za svako podruje; ono je proizvod ljudskog znanja i vetine, definie ljudsku zajednicu i stepen njenog razvoja. tradicionalni arhitektonski izraz koji odraava kulturni indentitet prostora. Nastalo je kao proizvod podneblja i drutveno - istorijskih uslova

Vernacular architecutre is: unique for every region; it is a product of human knowledge and skills, it defines a comunity and level of its development. traditional architecure reflects the cultural identity of a place. It is a product of local environment and socio - historical conditions

Geografija Vojvodine || Geography of Vojvodina

Karakteristike podneblja: Vojvodina je sastavni deo Panonske nizije; ima relativno jedoobrazni ravniarski refelj kojeg karakteriu aluvijalne ravnice oko Dunava, Tise i Save, lesne zaravni, peare i dve planine Fruka Gora i Vrake planine:

Charachteristics of the region: Vojvodina is an integral part of the Pannonian Plain, with relatively homogenous lowland relief that is characterized by alluvial plains of the Danube, Tisa and Sava, loess plateaus, sandy terran and two mountains - Fruska Gora Vrake planine. The whole area has little or no stone or forests (especially Baka and Banat), so the main building material is earth.

Ceo kraj ima vrlo malo kamena i uma (posebno Baka i Banat), tako da je osnovni graevinski materijal zemlja.

Vojvodina kroz istoriju || Vojvodina throughout the history

Drutveno istorijski uticaji: Za vreme vladavine Otomanskog carstva na podruju Vojvodine ( od sredine XVI veka do poetka XVIII veka) deavali su se brojni sukobi izmeu otomanskih i austrijskih vlasti. Posle XVIII veka Vojvodina dolazi pod habsburku vlast:: naseljavanje veeg broja Srba, plansko oblikovanje naselja (uoravanje pravilna ortogonalna shema naselja); prelezak sa gradnje zemunica na gradnju nadzemnih kua

Social and historical influences: During the reign of the Ottoman Empire throughtout the territory of Vojvodina there have been numerous conflicts between Ottoman and Austrian forces.

After XVIII century Vojvodina became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy :: immigration of Serbs; orthogonal scheme of settlements; switch from dugout houses to above-ground houses

Selo u Sremu sa zemunicama u XVII veku. Crte putopisca Edvarda Brauna iz 1674. godine A village in Srem with dugout houses in XVII century. Drawing of Edward Brown in year 1674

Deda Ljalja ispred svoje zemunice u N. Miloevu sredinom XX veka. Pretpostavlja se da je to bila jedna od poslednjih zemunica u Vojvodini Grandpa Ljalja in front of his dugout house in N. Miloevo. Middle of XX century. It is believed this was one of the last dugout houses in Vojvodina.

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Poreklo oblika: Uoravanjem naselja formirale su se uske pravougaone parcele koje su uticale na oblik kue. Prvobitna nadzemna kua je bila bez trema, pravougaonone osnove, dvodelna -sa sobom za spavanje i kuhinjom sa ognjitem.

Origin of form: With orthogonal regulation of villages, narrow rectangular plots were formed and they affected the shape of a house. The original house was without porch, with rectangular base - with room for sleeping and a kitchen with a fireplace. It is assumed that the porch was created under the influence of immigrant Serbs from Kosovo.

Pretpostavlja se da je trem nastao pod uticajem doseljenih Srba sa Kosova.

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Poreklo oblika: Vremenom ustaljeni tip vojvoanske kue je postala prizemna trosobna kua pravougaone osnove, dvoslivnog tranog krova sa zabatom prema ulici, ulazom na trem (tkz. gonk) koji se prua du kue prema dvoritu. Origin of form: Typical traditional house in Vojvodina is single storey house with three rooms, with gable roof and entrance porch (socalled gonk") which extends along the house towards the yard.

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Kujna: Kuhinja sa poluotvorenim ognjitem je bila centralna prostorija preko koje su se grejale dve susedne sobe. U sobi je bila pe povezana sa ognjitem oko koje je postajala zidana klupa banak za okupljanje ukuanja, sedenje i grejanje. Kitchen: Kitchen with semi open fireplace was the central unit through which the two adjacent rooms were heated. There was furnace in room which was connected with the fireplace. Around it a bench, traditionally called banak, would be built to gather a family.

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Oblikovanje: Ulini zabat je mogao da bude manje ili vie dekorisan drvenim daskama; omalterisan, bogato ukraen (tada se naziva kibla), to postaje simbol tradicionalne vojvoanske arhitekture Preko Austrougraske u Vojvodinu su stizali razni stilski uticaji, ali se barok najvie primenjivao, to se vidi u dekorativnim elementima ulinog zabata, koji su znali da budu prenaglaeni. Decoration: Street gable can be more or less decorated with wooden planks, plastered, richly decorated (then called kibble), which became a symbol of the traditional architecture of Vojvodina Through Austro-hungary various stylistic influences came to Vojvodina, but most exercised was the Baroque, as seen in the decorative elements of street gable, which were sometimes exaggerated. But the aesthetic is primarily influenced by the ethnic diversity of the people of Vojvodina, peculiar and very rich folk heritage

Ali, na estetski izgled prevashodno je uticala etnika raznolikost naroda Vojvodine, svojstvenog i vrlo bogatog folklornog naslea

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Graenje: Zemlja kao graevinski materijal predstavlja vaan inilac u konstrukciji seoskih kua u Vojvodini. Kue su se najee gradile kao nabijae, od nepeene cigle erpia ili ree od ilovae u kombinaciji sa pleterom ( karakteristno za Srem je da se kue grade od drveta u kombinaciji sa zemljom - bondruare) Krov je prvobitno bio od trske privren icom, dok se kasnije javlja u kombinaciji sa crepom, da bi se na kraju prelo samo na crep

Construction: Earth as a building material is an important factor in the construction of rural houses in Vojvodina. Houses are usually built as nabijaa" ; from adobe bricks or rarely as wattle and daub houses (typically for Srem is that houses were built from wood in combination with the ground - bondruare) The roof was originally covered with reed attached with wire, and later in combination with roof tiles, and finally only roof tile would be used

Seoska narodna kua u Vojvodini || Traditional rural house in Vojvodina

Nabijaa Tradicionalne trodelne kue su najee bile dimenzija 5-6 x 15-18m. U temelj se postavljala peena cigla velikog formata, 5 redova cigli pod zemljom i 3 reda nad zemljom. Tada bi se formirao ram od dasaka irine i do 80 cm u koji bi se nasipala zemlja u visini do 50 cm. Nakon toga bi se stavljao sloj pleve, pa bi se zemlja nabijala posebnim maljevima. Ceo postupak bi se ponavaljao dok zid ne bi dostigao visinu do 2,5 m. Zid se gradio u celosti, bez otvora za prozore i vrata. Na mestima gde su predviani otvori u gornjoj visini su postavljane grede, pa bi se na kraju izbuili otvori.

Nabijaa: Traditional houses were most often built with dimensions: 5-6 x 15-18m. The foundation was made from large format bricks; 5 rows of bricks in the ground and 3 rows above. Afterwards, a 80 cm wide frame of wooden planks was formed in which earth would be poured up to 50 cmheight. You would then put a layer of chaff, and the earth was huddled with special hammers. The whole process would repeated until wall reaches height of 2.5 m The wall was built in its entirety, without openings for windows and doors. At the places where openings were planned beams were put, so at the end of openings were drilled

Moba ljudi kao pomo za nabijanje zidova people helping with huddling of earth wall