3/1/2014 5.1-5.

2
Agenda
Review
Matrices and Systems
Operations with Matrices

3/1/2014
5.15.2
Review
Lecture 10 c
3/1/2014
By the end of the day:
You should (again) know how to:
Determine the order of a Matrix
Convert a matrix to reduced-REF using row
operations
Solve a system of linear equations using
matrices
Determine whether two matrices are equal
Add/Subtract two matrices
Multiply a matrix by a scalar or matrix
Solve a matrix equation
Lecture 10 b
3/1/2014
Definitions
Matrix:
a rectangular array of numbers. Each number is
called an entry
Order of a matrix:
Tells you how many rows and columns the
matrix has. If a matrix has m rows and n
columns then it is an m x n matrix.
Square matrix
Matrix which has the same number of rows and
columns
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Order of a Matrix
This is a 3 x 4 matrix

The 2,3 entry is:
5
(
(
(

1 7 6 8
8 5 2 4
3 1 2 2

rows 3
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Row Operations
There are 3 Elementary Row Operations:

1. Interchange two rows

2. Multiply a row by a non zero constant

3. Add a multiple of a row to another row
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Solving Systems
Augmented Matrix square matrix plus an
extra column
To Solve a system by Matrix:
Put all coefficients of x in 1st column
Put all coefficients of y in 2nd column
Repeat adding column for each variable
Put constants in last column
Convert to reduced row echelon form
The numbers in last column are your solution
3/1/2014
Solving Systems
To convert to reduced row echelon form:

Using Row Operations:
Make sure the 1, 1 entry is a 1
Make sure all other entries in 1st column are 0
Make sure the 2, 2 entry is a 1
Make sure all other entries in 2nd column are 0
Keep repeating until you run out of rows

3/1/2014
Solving Systems
When reducing to Row Echelon Form:

If a 1 is desired:
We will multiply the entire row by the reciprocal of the
number we want to turn into a 1

If a 0 is desired:
We will multiply the row with a 1 in that column by
the opposite of the number we want to turn into a 0
and then add it to the row where we want the 0.
3/1/2014
Matrix Add/Subtract
Equality of Matrices Two Matrices are
equal if and only if they are the same size
and their corresponding entries are equal
Matrix Addition and Subtract
Matrices must be the same size in order to
be added or subtracted
Add/Subtract corresponding entries
Result should be a matrix the same size
as the original
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Scalar Multiplication
Scalar Multiplication

Multiplying an entire matrix by a factor

Multiply each entry by the Scalar factor
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Matrix Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Number of columns in first matrix must be
the same as the number of rows in the
second matrix
Answer will have same number of rows as
the first matrix and the same number of
columns as the second matrix
Find each entry in the answer matrix by
working across a row in the first matrix and
down a column in the second matrix. Add
the products together to get the entry
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Matrix Multiplication
(

(
(
(

-
=
2 x 3 3 x 2
2 x 2
3 -2 5
-1 4 -3
1 3
5
-4 4
2
1, 1 1, 2
2, 1 2, 2
3 -2 5
-1 4 -3
1 3
5
-4 4
2
(

1, 1 1, 2
2, 1 2, 2
=
-
+
-
+
- -
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
- -
+
-
+
-
21 26
-23 -2
To Multiply
Matrices: Multiply
Row by Column!!!