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Work Measurement-Compressed Version
Work Measurement-Compressed Version
Work Measurement
A technique used to determine the best estimate of the time required to perform a task Regardless of the methodology used, the immediate objective of all work measurement studies is the development of standard time Standard time is the time that a person suited to the job and fully trained in the specified method will need to perform the job if he or she works at a normal or standard tempo
4.
Time Study/Stopwatch Method Work Sampling Pre-determined Time Systems (PDTS) Standard Data
PRACTICE
n = (zs/ax)2 where : s = standard deviation z = value for a desired confidence level a = accuracy/error (in percent) _ X = mean
0.10 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00-40.00 40.00-above
Sample Problem
A time study analyst wants to estimate the time required to perform a certain job. A preliminary study yielded a mean of 6.4 minutes and a standard deviation of 2.1 minutes. The desired confidence is 95 percent. How many observations will be needed (including those already taken) if the desired maximum error is : a. 10 percent of the sample mean b. One-half minute
Rating
It is the process during which the time study analyst compares the performance (speed or tempo) of the operator under observation with the observers own concept of normal performance Rating is a matter of judgment on the part of the time study analyst The objective is to determine the average level of performance at which the operator was working while the study is being made
Consistency greatest indication of skill. The operator is consistent when he or she runs the elements of the job in the same time, cycle after cycle. Consistency is used to determine the number of cycles. A consistent operator needs to run only a few parts before a cycle time is known with accuracy. When inconsistency is present the analyst must take many more cycles to be acceptably accurate in the time study Conditions - can affect the performance of the operator such as hot, cold, dusty, dirty or noisy environment
Allowances
These are extra time added to the normal time such that standard time becomes practically attainable No manager or supervisor expects employees to work every minute of the hour This was the question asked by Frederick Taylor over 100 years ago Would you expect the employee to work 30 minutes per hour? How about 40 minutes? 50 minutes
2. 3.
Personal Allowance is the time an employee is allowed for personal things such as talking to coworkers, going to restroom, getting a drink etc. Fatigue Allowance is the time an employee is allowed for recuperation from fatigue. Delay Allowance is called unavoidable because it is out of the operators control. Something happens to prevent the operator from working such as waiting for instructions, or raw materials, machine breakdown or maintenance
Compute the allowance factor these two (2) cases: 1. The allowance is 20 percent of job time 2. The allowance is 20 percent of work time
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
From the above data, determine the representative selected time using :
a. arithmetical method b. modal method
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
WORK MEASUREMENT
A method which uses the Methods Time Measurement (MTM) system which analyzes any manual operation into the basic motions required to perform it and assigns to each motion a predetermined time standard which is determined by the nature of the motion and the conditions under which it is made.
It uses tables which give the motion-time data for each basic element such as Reach, Move, Turn, Apply Pressure, Grasp, Position, Release, Disengage, Eye Travel and Eye Focus, etc
The unit of time used in the tables is referred to as TMU (time-measurement unit) which has the following conversions : 1 TMU = 0.00001 hour = 0.0006 minute = 0.036 second 1 hour = 100,000 TMU 1 minute = 1,666.7 TMU 1 second = 27.8 TMU
TOTAL
Standard Time = 51.2 TMU x (0.0006 minutes/TMU) Standard Time = 0.03072 minutes
(x)
ST = ?? ST = 40 mins
b = 0.001304 a = 0.10403
Y = 0.10403 + 0.001304 (surface area) Standard Time=0.10403 + 0.001304 (250) Standard Time = 0.429 minutes