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Project overview Block diagram Power supply Microcontroller GSM MAX232 & DB9 Connector LCD Software requirements Schematic & Working of the project Advantages Applications Future scope Conclusion

The main objective of the project is to detect rising water level in a river before the railway track at a reasonable distance from the rail track and intimate that to the nearest station master through GSM, to detain train movement. Microcontroller is interfaced with a water level sensor. Sensor will send an interrupt to the microcontroller indicating that it has crossed the danger point. So whenever there is an occurrence of such flood the sensor sends a logic signal to the microcontroller that is programmed in such a way that it will send an alert stored SMS through RS232 protocol to the SIM mounted GSM modem to the station masters mobile number to detain train movement and to avoid accidents. An LCD display is also made to indicate the status

Step down transformer

Bridge rectifier

Filter

Regulator

 The

230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a step down transformer. This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier. The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to the input pin of voltage regulator 7805. At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is used for MC and other ICs in this project.

 It

is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU

RAM ROM

A single chip
I/O Port
Serial Timer COM Port

Microcontroller

External interrupts Interrup t Control On-chip ROM for program code

Timer/Counter

On-chip RAM

Timer 1 Timer 0

Counter Inputs

CPU

OSC

Bus Control

4 I/O Ports

Serial Port

P0 P1 P2 P3

TxD RxD

Address/Data

 8K

Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

+5V
+ 10 uF 31 30 pF 8.2 K 30 pF 18 X2 11.0592 MHz 19

EA/VPP X1

9 RST

 The

term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum around 900MHz. MS- Mobile Station: The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal handheld cellular telephone. BTS- Base Transceiver Station: The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

 The

MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals . When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.

 The

DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature connector family.

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20

characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

 If

an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus) The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data) RS=Register Select. When RS=0; data is treated as a command & When RS=1; data being sent is text data. R/W=Read/Write . When RW=0; the data written to the LCD & When RW=0; the data reading to the LCD.

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro

assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

i.e., the programs written in one of the HLL like C will

compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor computer). like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source

code into object code.

 The

project uses a GSM modem duly interfaced to the MC through the level shifter IC Max232. The sim card mounted GSM modem, delivers specific message while the program is executed by the microcontroller. While receiving input logic 0 condition at pin 12 by the rising water sensor. The sent message is also displayed on the limit in16x2 LCD display.