Construction Management

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

NEED FOR TIME REDUCTION
1. Pre-construction stage : - Meeting owners target date for the project. - To suit the contractors own needs. - To obtain optimum cost schedule for the project. 2. Job in progress stage : - Owner desire for earlier completion date. - Recover time lost in progress delays - To meet an established milestone date.

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROJECT COSTS RELATIONSHIP WITH TIME
1.Project Direct Cost VS. Time :
- Project direct cost is the summation of its individual activities cost. - Cost associated with normal time of an activity is the minimum cost to perform it.

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

-Relationship types :
(a) Continuous Linear
Crash Point

ACTIVITY DIRECT COST

Crash cost

Normal cost

Normal Point

TIME 12
Normal time

13

14

15
Crash time

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

-Relationship types :
(b) Continuous Piecewise Linear
Crash Point

ACTIVITY DIRECT COST

Crash cost

Normal cost

Normal Point

TIME 12
Normal time

13

14

15
Crash time

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

-Relationship types :
(c) Non-continuous

ACTIVITY DIRECT COST

Crash cost

Crash Point

Normal cost

Normal Point

TIME 12
Normal time

13

14

15
Crash time

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

2. Project Indirect Cost Vs. Time :
(good assumption for most projects).

- Assume that field overhead varies directly with project duration

3. Total Project Cost Vs. Time :

PROJECT COST

PROJECT DURATION

Typical Total Project Cost Curve

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROCEDURE TO FIND THE MINIMUM COST OF SAVING TIME
1. Where ?
-Look for activities on the longest path (critical activities.)

2. Ways of Reducing Project Durations :

A- Modify the job logic in some way B- Shorten critical activities duration,
* Additional crews, subcontracting, overtime, multiple shifts, more equipments, earlier material deliveries. * For some activities, it is not feasible to reduce their duration.

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROCEDURE TO FIND THE MINIMUM COST OF SAVING TIME
3. Shortening the critical path at no increase in direct cost : [free time]
A- restudy of critical activity durations:
* Review the time estimates, to verify the reasonableness of the time durations originally estimated.

B- Restudy of project plan:

* Critical second look at the established operational plan. * To devise a refinement of the network logic. * Innovative thinking and fresh approach usually result in important improvements of work methods (value engineering study).

C- Critical activities in parallel :

* See if some critical activities in series can be done in parallel.
DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROCEDURE TO FIND THE MINIMUM COST OF SAVING TIME
3. Shortening the critical path at no increase in direct cost : [free time]
D- Subdivision of critical activities :
* Check to determine whether it is possible to subdivide a critical activity, with a portion of it being done in parallel with another critical activity.

E- Subcontracting :
* If because of the general contractors limitation of resources, some critical activities were planned in series, subcontracting with additional resources might enable the activities to be performed in parallel.

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROCEDURE TO FIND THE MINIMUM COST OF SAVING TIME
4. Shortening the critical path with minimum cost: [Buy time]
1-Examine the critical activities for activity shortening possibilities, locate them. 2- Establish their practicality in the view of the project manager . 3-Calculate time reduction costs. (table) 4- use the information obtained to shorten the duration one step at a time .

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PROCEDURE TO FIND THE MINIMUM COST OF SAVING TIME
4. Shortening the critical path with minimum cost: [Buy time]
Activity : 180 Shortening Action A. Prefabricate two sets of abutment forms Computations Materials Labour Equipment Time Reduction (working-day) 6 Direct cost 2394

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

EXAMBLE :
0
A

3 3

3
D

8 5 11 0 5
E

0 0

0 0
B

3
C

5 2 11 6

11

START

FINISH

4 4

COST

COST

12 10 8 6 4 2 1 A 2

C=3

TIME 3 4 5 6 7

12 10 8 6 4 2 1 B 2

C=1
TIME 3 4 5 6 7

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

EXAMBLE :
COST
COST

12 10 8 6 4 2 C 1

C=1 TIME 2 3 4 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 E 1 5 6 7
COST

12 10 8 6 4 2 D 1 2 3

C=1

TIME 4 5 6 7

C=3

TIME 2 3 4 5 6 7
DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

PISTON MECHANICAL ANALOGY

Early time for activity

Early time for following activity

Normal duration Rigid disk

Crash time Cost slope (c) Free float

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D A B 3 1 C 1 E 3 1

D A B C E

+1
D

A B

C E

+2
D

A B

C E

+3
DR. SAMIA ALI

D A B C E

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

+3
1 1 E 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D A B B C3 E

D C

+4

1
D

D C E

A A B B D A A B B D A A B C C

C E

+12 +1
D

C
E

+1 +2
D

C
E

+5 +3
DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

Project duration Vs Cost

70 60 50 indirect cost total cost direct cost

Cost

40 30 20 10 0 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 Project Duration(days)

Optimum Duration @ 8 Days

DR. SAMIA ALI

PROJECT TIME REDUCTION

6. Limitation On Time Reduction Steps: 1- physical limit of critical activity. 2- Logical limit of critical activity. 3- logical limit of a network logic change. 4- Shortening limited by a parallel critical Path. 5- Shortening limited by an irreducible critical Path.
7. Practical Aspects Of Time Reduction : 1- Computer. 2- Human judgement.

DR. SAMIA ALI