Design of

Zero Dispersion Nanofibers

Introduction To Dispersion
Design Methods
Results
Conclusions
Future Scope
ChitrarekhaChaudhari (Chiu)
What is Dispersion?
Rainbow
Spatial separation



Dispersion in Spatial Dimension
Prism Diffraction
In TIME Dimension
Time
Time
Time
Time
In TIME Dimension
Fiber Length
Transmission Rate
T
Limits the Rate of Transmission
Optical Fiber Communication
For modern glass optical fiber,
the maximum transmission distance
is limited
Not by attenuation
Butby Dispersion,
Or spreading of optical pulse as they
travel along the fiber
Non-Linear Optics
Raman self frequency shifting
Supercontinuum generation
Parametric oscillation
Four wave mixing
Designing refractive index profile
Photonic crystal fiber

Group velocity or
chromatic dispersion
Tailoring
Required for enhancing
numerous nonlinear
optical processes
Can be done by
Sources of Dispersion
Modal Dispersion
Material Dispersion
Waveguide Dispersion
Non-linear Dispersion

Combinations
Material and Waveguide
Material and Modal
Dispersion Shifting/Tailoring
Techniques

Dispersion Shifting



Dispersion Flattening



Another Approach
Photonic Crystal Fiber

Complex Refractive Index Profile
RSoft- Commercial Software
Calculation of the eigenmodes of photonic
crystal fibers
Calculate the dispersion in the photonic
crystal fibers
Our Approach
Use Sub-wavelength diameter fiber Refereed
to as nanofiber
High nonlinearity,
Strong confinement
Low loss coupling with the optical fiber or
fiber devices
Large evanescent fields outside their
physical boundaries
Low linear absorption
Low two photon absorption High nonlinearity (n2 as high
as 310-18 m2/W )
Fast response time because of the absence of the free
carrier effects
Promising nonlinear materials in the IR region
Chalcogenide glasses
show
Material Dependent Parameter:
Sellmeier Coefficients
Material As
2
S
3
Glass Silicate Glass
l 5 3
A
i
L
i
2
A
i
L
i
2

i=1 1.8983678 0.0225 0.967 0.020452
i=2 1.9222979 0.0625 0.00511 107.9261
i=3 0.8765134 0.1225 0.34938 0.000233
i=4 0.1188704 0.2025
i=5 0.9569903 750
Geometry
a 0
r
n
clad

n
core


n
n
core


n
clad

r

a
4
2
'
2
2 ' ' '
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

+
UW
V
kn W WK
W K
n
n
U UJ
U J
W WK
W K
U UJ
U J
core
core
clad
v|
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
HE
m
and EH
m
Modes
0
) (
) (
) (
) (
0
1
0
1
=
)
`

+
W WK
W K
U UJ
U J
TE
0m
Mode
0
) (
) (
) (
) (
0
1
2
0
1
2
=

+
W WK
W K n
U UJ
U J n
clad core
TM
0m
Mode
Eigen-Value Equations for Optical Fiber
k=2/, and is the propagation constant
405 . 2 2
2 2
~ =
clad core
n n
a
V

t
Single mode condition
Poynting Vector, Sz
Core
Cladding
Group Velocity Dispersion
Exact propagation constants for the first ten LP modes
for the air clad As
2
S
3
nanofiber
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wire Diameter (nm)
|

(

m
-
1
)
D
sm
= 516
TE
01
TE
02
TM
01
TM
02
HE
11
HE
12
HE
21
HE22
HE
31
HE32
EH
11
EH
21
Air Clad As
2
S
3
nanofiber: Fractional power inside the
core of nanofiber

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Wire Diameter (nm)
D
sm
= 516
q
q =0.83
Dispersion in the air cladding As
2
S
3
nanofiber for various
values of the core diameter

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
-20000
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
Wavelength,

( m)
D
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n

(
p
s
/
n
m
.
k
m
)
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Exact propagation constants for the first seven LP
modes for the Silicate clad As
2
S
3
nanofiber

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
6
7
8
9
10
Wire Diameter (nm)
|

(

m
-
1
)
D
sm
= 603
TE
01
TM
01
HE
11
HE
12
HE
21
HE22
HE
31
HE32
EH
11
Silicate Clad As
2
S
3
nanofiber: Fractional power inside
the core of nanofiber

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Wire Diameter (nm)
q
D
sm
= 603
q =0.81
Dispersion in the Silicate cladding As
2
S
3
nanofiber for
various values of the core diameter

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6
-6000
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
Wavelength ( m)
D
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n

(
p
s
/
n
m
.
k
m
)
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Zero Dispersion in the Silicate cladding As
2
S
3
nanofiber
for core diameter D = 731 nm

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
Wavelength ( m)
D
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n

(
D
w
)
(
n
s
/
n
m
.
k
m
)
D=731 nm
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.731
Flattened Dispersion
D=724 nm
Conclusions
Air-cladding as well as borosilicate cladding As
2
S
3
nanofibers show larger
chromatic dispersions as compared with large-diameter optical
waveguides.
Borosilicate cladding As
2
S
3
nanofiber can be designed to achieve zero
flattened dispersion in the telecommunication window, around 1.5 m.
zero flattened dispersion at 1.5 m is achieved when the core diameter is
500 nm for the air clad As
2
S
3
nanofiber and 731 nm for the silicate clad
As
2
S
3
nanofiber.
At a particular wavelength, the dispersion of the nanofiber can be made
zero, positive or considerably negative by proper selection of diameter
and/or cladding material.
Such dispersion tailoring may provide opportunities for developing a
number of miniaturized, high-performance and novel types of non-linear
photonic devices operating at low threshold power.
Tellurite Clad ChalcogenideNanofiber
Next Steps to Execute
Design Bragg Fiber

Next Steps to Execute
Explore New Materials

Design the Optical Fiber with
Zero Flattened Dispersion
in the communication band

Fabricate the nanofiber
Study propagation characteristics and
non-linear effects
Thank You