WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ON

BIO GAS POWER PLANT

FROM SUNIL G.J

Renewable energy

Introduction: Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 2.8% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewable in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewable.

Renewable Energy Sources

Hydel Wind Energy Solar energy Bio-fuels Biogas / Biomass

Introduction:
Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung, and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas. Biogas originates from biogenic material and is a type of biofuel. Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and

crops.[1] Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may
have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes.

Types of Biogas Plants

Floating gas-holder type Fixed dome type Bag type

Floating Gas-holder Type:

A digester tank or a well is made out of concrete and it called the digester tank T, which has two parts: the inlet and the outlet. The inlet is from where slurry is transported to the tank, which has a cylindrical dome H made of stainless steel. This dome floats on the slurry and collects the gas generated. That is why such a biogas plant is known as floating gas holder type. Fermentation of the slurry takes for about 50 days. The pressure inside H increases when more gas is formed by bacterial fermentation. The gas is then transported out through outlet pipe V. The decomposed matter moves into the next chamber in tank T. By using the outlet pipe this is then removed to the overflow tank, which is used as manure for cultivation purposes.

Fixed Dome Type:

Fixed Dome Type:

Here also, a well and a dome are made out of concrete, which is called the digester tank T. Since the dome is fixed, this gas plant is known as fixed dome type. The manufacturing process is similar to the floating holder type bio gas plant, where the

slurry expands and overflows into the

overflow tank F.

Components of Biogas Plants:

Inlet pipe Mixing tank Digester Gas holder or gas storage dome: Gas Pipeline

Outlet pipe

Biogas Plant Construction:

The amount of waste material available for processing. The amount of gas required for a specific use.

Operation of bio gas power plant:

"A centralized biogas plant assists surrounding farmers in their disposal of animal manure by
digesting it in order to create a homogeneous fertilizer. In addition to the animal manure, the plants also use organic material from slaughterhouse, fishing industry tanneries, breweries, dairies, oil mills, and the drug industry to produce the fertilizer. The mix is normally approximately 80% animal manure and 20% organic material. The farms that provided the animal manure can use the fertilizer or it can be sold to any farm or industry wishing to replace chemical fertilizer with a cheaper alternative. Biogas plants also produce a gas through an anaerobic digestion process. Heating and

power plants can use the gas produced to produce to create energy. Generally the raw waste material
is transported to the biogas plant for disposal. The waste then undergoes anaerobic digestion.

Application Areas:
Cooking: One of the most common use of biogas is for cooking in a specially designed burner. A biogas plant with a capacity of of 2 m3 is enough for providing cooking fuel to a family of four to five.

Lighting: Another use of biogas is lighting gas lamps. The biogas required to power a

100 candle lamp (60 W) is 0.13 m3 per hour.

Power generation: This gas is also used to operate a dual-fuel engine. It can replace up to 75% of the diesel.

Benefits of Biogas Plants:

A non-polluting and renewable source of energy is created in biogas plants. It is an excellent way of energy conversion. Biogas plants produce enriched organic manure. This can be used as fertilizers. Biogas as a gas provides improvement in the environment, and sanitation and hygiene. The biogas plants provide a source for decentralized power generation. Most important of all, such plants provide employment generation in the rural areas.

ADVANTAGES:

Biogas would remove this attitude of some nations in the world today Biogas will encourage majority participation in the natural resources trade Biogas will enable majority of communities in different countries, to participate actively in the power sector

Biogas will encourage large production output, and less production cost, due to the

fact that we would no longer need to, for instance, go far to order for the resources
needed for production, and no TIME WASTAGE, but limited time, due to the fact that everything would become within reach..

Biogas would bring about Jobs CREATION, and encourages new inventions like chemical experiments, Agricultural development and methods of improving large scale farming.

DISADVANTAGES:

Biogas would encourage deflation of goods prices, due to many producers, and surplus goods availability to the populace.

Biogas will bring about high corruption level, from the top to the lowest level in the public. Pollution would be on the increase both sound, air, and water pollution. due to many industrial waste materials in the society.

There would be FOOD SHORTAGE, in the countries in the world, especially those nations with limited land for food production. And since BIOGAS would involve using raw materials from

both cash crops and otherwise. And the fact that not all the nations in the world, have land for
farming activities

CONCLUSION
Bioenergy is one of the primary sources of fuel in India. The production and use of biogas for domestic purposes can drastically reduce the depletion of natural resources like forests, which are otherwise the prominent and traditional source of energy for cooking and lighting. It removes dependence on forest and enhances greeneries leading to improved

environment.