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Agriculture Development in Telangana
Agriculture Development in Telangana
M.Devender Reddy, Director (Retd.,) Water Technology Centre, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad -500030, India, email: metukudevender@gmail.com Talk delivered on March 4, 2014 at WTc, ANGRAU, Hyderabad in a seminar on Agriculture development in Telangana
Rangareddy Nizamabad Medak Mahabubnag Nalgonda Warangal Khammam Karimnagar Adilabad Telangana
202 259 427 819 454 434 397 393 575 3960
230 420 554 917 585 557 439 563 634 4899
Amount of rainfall decreased in all the Telangana districts during 1993-2002 compared to previous three decades (196392).
Regional Variations in Agricultural Productivity A District Level Study (Ramesh Chand, Sanjeev Garg, and Lalmani Pandey,
2009)
District
Rangareddy Nizamabad Medak
Mahabubnagar
Nalgonda Warangal Khammam Karimnagar Adilabad Telangana
15704
26876 33895 36108 34577 19436
The number of suicides during 2006-2011 (Six years )in Telangana District
Rangareddy Nizamabad Medak Mahabubnagar Nalgonda Warangal Khammam Karimnagar Adilabad
No in six years
87 34 87 81 86 97 23 161 77
Telangana
733
Cropped area of paddy, jowar, bajra and maize during Kahrif and Rabi 2010-11
District Rangareddy Nizamabad Medak PADDY Kharif Rabi 21806 97846 66247 14448 67758 43029 52871 162800 71487 39069 158739 16337 626538 JOWAR Kharif Rabi 18228 1513 23077 47110 2970 214 209 11 23712 8511 7574 18133 14450 7185 6781 4156 340 31241 98371 BAJRA Kharif 313 11 517 6376 2970 12 23 0 0 10222 Rabi 958 10115 12701 MAIZE Kharif 26257 54796 96373 116868 2296 48082 16124 75758 16486 Rabi 1005 13653 4441 3345 333 27250 17018 49014 7473
Mahabubna 99683 gar Nalgonda 164314 Warangal Khammam Adilabad Telangana 132325 135057 52038 909615
Karimnagar 140299
453040 123532
Pulses cropped area in Telangana during Kahrif and Rabi 2010-, 2011
District Redgram Bengal Greengram gram Blackgram
Kharif Rabi Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Rangareddy 34855 91 6796 11368 2 7566 1 Nizamabad 3734 88 23826 18332 459 14621 1063 Medak 25442 142 38163 51345 47 21962 2 Mahabubna 86456 99 22939 27916 40 2446 56 gar Nalgonda 38605 1309 700 31562 271 0 2091 2227 101 Warangal 20115 1109 1490 25892 3040 466 1989 552 164 Khammam 15730 1014 198 15590 6762 493 7400 51 296 Karimnagar 8731 194 2793 9793 2283 35 552 529 512 Adilabad 40142 2255 16738 10421 2589 13863 1414 719 38 Telangana 273810 6301 113643 202219 15493 61452 14568 5235 1271
Area, ha 22447 12817 48350 96948 130054 182507 126728 173924 254991 1048766
Oil seeds cropped area in Telangana during Kahrif and Rabi 2010-11
Groundnut Sesamum Sunflower castor Safflo wer Kharif Rabi 6085 2910 0 2371 801 7266 98858 650 26860 6 2080 1 0 0 899 0 204 124 135787 13328
District
Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi KharifRabi Rangareddy 169 6622 694 0 185 331 Nizamabad 24 2384 21 1926 100 21295 Medak 202 1753 1003 111 970 13125 Mahabubnagar 28117 74263 516 12 8064 15126 Nalgonda 9804 16644 4117 29 37 1324 Warangal 7474 27203 10328 226 0 371 Khammam 358 5985 1776 3303 0 426 Karimnagar 425 13700 103 4117 0 881 Adilabad 26 3895 1281 5308 0 4992 Telangana 46599 152449 19839 15032 9356 57871
Soy an Kh
41 2
77
Coriander Onion 145 2027 238 1609 1468 3431 246 959 1292 2 206 314 4 5 20 620 640 498 4259 9465
Rice is the most important irrigated crop It is the predominant crop consuming major irrigation water under food and non food crops.
Major Constraints
Erratic behavior of Rainfall leading to often Droughts Prolonged dry spells / Excess rains during critical stages of crop growth leading to reduction in yields / crop failure Degraded and poor soils often subjected to runoff and soil erosion Non availability of credit to resource poor & tenant farmers The inability of farmers to market, surplus produce lack of storage facility Small and Marginal holdings difficulty in use of farm machinery Lack of adequate animal and mechanical traction Limited scope for crop diversification / contingent cropping etc. Shortage of labour in dry lands Migration to commands and urban areas Inadequate extension reach for technology dissemination Shortage of grass lands / green fodder obstacle for integrated farming
District wise irrigated area under different sources 2009-10 (000 ha)
Dist
Tanks
RR NZB MED MBNR NLG WGL 2.49 3.69 1.11 6.39 12.31 11.36 12.53 4.57
Tube wells
49.44 122.71 94.80 172.37 154.28 72.91 49.21
Dug wells
6.31 3.32 10.83 14.15 38.25 158.24 38.91
Area Gross Irrigated irrigat > once ed area 18.30 107.18 66.69 76.06 88.66 91.99 23.02 78.78 239.86 175.24 314.86 353.42 336.52 181.54
KMM
ADB Tela
KRMR 2.40
0.32
5.41
32.63
29.32
188.22
23.48
0.25
0.88
223.84
63.66
146.43
17.13
370.27
80.79
Challenges.
Increase in average food grains yield from irrigated areas from 2.5 t to 4 t per hectare improves the efficiency of water. water use efficiencies are around 25 to 35 percent in canalirrigated areas and a slightly higher for groundwater irrigated areas. A ten percent increase in irrigation efficiency can add additional irrigated area. Bridging the gap between irrigation potential created and utilized will be more cost effective than creation of more storage capacities.
Adapting water management to potential future changes in climate emphasizes the need to:
Accept existing climatic variability as a given measure and improve understanding of variability, and improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on variability Rethink water storage, emphasizing underground opportunities to minimize the impacts of variability and utilize the storage continuum Improve understanding of the role of natural ecosystems in variability Improve understanding of how humans influence variability Develop and manage water resources fairly share water, land, and food in a cooperative manner and in a way that does not leave vulnerable groups disproportionately burdened by the impacts of variability
Irrigation Water
Bore lifts availabilty of electricity Tanks (silted); Modernization Irrigation stabilization
Community Water Demand Management Possibility 1: Stop summer irrigated cropping Possibility 2: Limit bore well depths Possibility 3: Limiting irrigated cultivation
Services
Agriculture loans : Leased farmers Crop insurance : Drought/ Excess rainfall- Village as unit and all crops Farmers without loans should be brought under insurance
Subsidies
Mechanization Subsidies Strengthening Co-operatives Agribased industries Agri-institutions strengthening
Summary
Cultivable land Availability/ Development Rice is the predominant crop consuming major irrigation water under food and non food crops Research on rain fed agriculture Develop and manage water resources fairly share water, land, and food in a cooperative manner and in a way that does not leave vulnerable groups Increase in irrigation efficiency which can add additional irrigated area.
Summary
During the past 25 years, the number of wells increased with increase in irrigated area Bore lifts availabilty of electricity; Tanks (silted); Modernization Irrigation stabilization; Mechanization Subsidies Strengthening Co-operatives Agribased industries Agri-institutions strengthening Agriculture loans : Leased farmers Crop insurance Support price to produce Storage of produce