PRESENTATION

ON LASER

PRESENTED TO:MR.PRAKHAR PATIDAR

PRESENTED BY:NARSI LAL KUMAWAT ECE 10ERIC059

CONTENTS
Introduction and history

Properties of laser Types of laser Uses of laser Application of laser

LASER HISTORY
ACRONYM FOR Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation A laser is a device that produces and amplifies light by stimulated emission. It can produce light in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. 1960: Theodore Maimen develops first laser (ruby with 694 nm wavelength.

1961: Neodymium-doped (Nd): glass laser.

1964: Nd:YAG and argon ion (Ar).

1965: CO2 laser.

LASERs
Charles H. Townes Coherent Microwave Oscillator MASER 1951 With Arthur L.Schawlow (Bell Labs) LASER Theodore Maiman 1960 Hughes Research Ruby laser PRL rejected paper! Ali Javan 1960 1.15 micrometer He-Ne Laser First gas laser First continuous beam laser Later: Bell Labs 633 nm version Visible, stable, coherent

LASERS
Lasers are used in many things that we come across in our daily lives. Because lasers have the property of being highly directional and focused, they find many types of applications. Let us now see their uses and applications in various fields..

Contd
A photon released from an excited atom might interact with another similarly excited atom. This results in the second atom releasing its photon, which is identical in every respect to the first photon. This phenomenon is called stimulated emission of radiation. The two photons have the same direction of travel, and are in phase.

Ordinary light versus laser light

ORDINARY LIGHT
Radiation from conventional light source is emitted over a wide range of wavelengths, or spectrum The light intensity close to the source is very high. The loss of intensity is due to the divergent nature of the conventional radiation

LASER
In contrast, the laser produces a beam with a very narrow divergence. Light leaves the source with a high degree of collimation. As the beam travels in space, the directionality is maintained over a long distance. As a result, high beam intensity is also maintained over a long distance.

Different types of lasers

Four types of material are used: Solid-- Nd:YAG laser, Gas Helium Neon (HeNe) laser, CO2,Argon and Krypton Gas laser.

LiquidOrganic dye laser.( rhodamin 6G , disodium fluorescein) Semiconductors Gallium-Arsenide-Diode laser Excited dimer(Eximer Laser)-- Argon fluoride (193 nm) and Krypton fluoride (248 nm)

MODES OF LASER

CONTINUOUS :The laser is continuously pumped and emits light continuously PULSE: In the superpulse mode, laser energy is delivered with each peak over an extremely short period of a few nanoseconds. The peaks are interspersed with rest periods when no exposure occurs, allowing time for tissues to cool down Q-SWITCHED: Allows a high build-up of energy within the tube. This is then released over a very short duration of a few nanoseconds, reaching an enormous peak power.

Uses in various fields

Lasers in the Medical Field Lasers in Electronics Lasers in Entertainment

Lasers in the Medical Field

Lasers in eye surgery Laser in ulcer removal Lasers to remove port wine stains, that is removing red marks (caused by RBCs) without damaging skin surface.

Lasers in electronics
Compact Disk Players: The lasers read the information stored in the CDs and coverts them into rocking music Supermarket Scanners

Lasers in entertainment
Laser Shows: Different sizes, types, and colors of lasers are used in combination with each other, to create patterns, figures, pictures, and designs that make up many kinds of laser shows. This form of art is very beautiful and looks almost magical. Such laser shows are typically held in domes where the laser beam can be seen most effectively. Class 1 type of laser is typically used as these have no harmful effects on contact.

Properties of laser light

Monochromatic: A single pure colour emitted by a single wavelength. Collimated : A beam in which all, or almost all, the photons are travelling in the same parallel direction Coherent: Waves produced by a laser travel through space in phase. The property of being in phase is called coherence and is responsible for the strength and intensity of the beam between different points in the field.

QUERIES ?............