Kyoto Protocol

Sustainable Development
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Background
Agreement Signed & ratified by countries under UN except USA & Australia United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto, Japan December 1997
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Objectives

Cut greenhouse gases Stop global warming Reduction of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compare to 1990 (between 2008-2012) among signatory countries
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Mechanisms

1. International Emission Trading Carbon Market Monitor & regulate the CO2 production 2. Clean Development Mechanism Renewable energy usage 3. Joint Implementation Foreign investment & technology transfer
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Why USA & Australia refuse??

Bad for their economy Economist, a system to transfer wealth from 1st world to 3rd world.

NO!!! Wall Street will experience great lost.

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Agenda 21
Sustainable Development

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Background
Global plan of action UN Conference on Environment & Development (UNCED) @ Earth Summit Rio de Jeneiro, Brazil (1992) 21 21st century

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Aim
Create a high quality environment and a healthy economy for all peoples of the planet

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Function
addresses the critical issues we face as a global community: i. continuing damage to ecosystems ii. the worsening of poverty iii. hunger and ill health iv. increasing world population v. illiteracy
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Justification
Global movement Coordinated from global to local action & plan Create a world government with certain objectives:
International sovereignty Abolition of private property Restructure family unit Increase limitation & restriction on mobility & individual opportunity
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Content
40 chapters document identify each challenge and propose simple realistic solutions towards sustainable development

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Section I
Social & Economic Dimensions
Chapter 1: Preamble to Agenda 21 Chapter 2: The Role of Trade Chapter 3: Combating Poverty Chapter 4: Changing Consumption Patterns Chapter 5: Population Dynamics Chapter 6: Protecting & Promoting Health Chapter 7: Sustainable Human Settlements Chapter 8: Making Decisions for Sustainable Development
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Section II
Conservation & Management of Resources for Development
Chapter 9: Protecting the Atmosphere Chapter 10: Planning & Management of Land-Use Chapter 11: Combating Deforestation Chapter 12: Combating Desertification Chapter 13: Mountain Development Chapter 14: Agriculture & Rural Development Chapter 15: Conservation of Biodiversity
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Section II
Conservation & Management of Resources for Development
Chapter 16: Sustainable Biotechnology Chapter 17: Protection of the Oceans Chapter 18: Protecting & Managing Water Chapter 19: Management of Toxic Chemicals Chapter 20: Hazardous Wastes Chapter 21: Solid Waste & Sewage Chapter 22: Radioactive Waste
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Section III
Strengthening the Role of Major Groups
Chapter 23: Preamble Chapter 24: Women Chapter 25: Children & Youth Chapter 26: Indigenous People Chapter 27: Non-Governmental Organizations Chapter 28: Local Authorities Chapter 29: Workers & Trade Unions Chapter 30: Business & Industry Chapter 31: Science & Technology Chapter 32: Farmers
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Section IV
Means of Implementation
Chapter 33: Financial Resources Chapter 34: Transfer of Technology Chapter 35: Science for Sustainable Development Chapter 36: Education & Public Awareness Chapter 37: Creating Capacity for Sustainable Development Chapter 38: International Institutional Arrangements Chapter 39: International Law & Mechanisms Chapter 40: Sharing Information & Data For Decision-making
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Progression
Around the world, governments, businesses, non-governmental and other organizations are already putting the ideas from Agenda 21 to work

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References
The Kyoto Protocol Video. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXdmqXG3ITU Climate Change | Greenhouse Gases | How does the emission trading scheme work? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbU-cDLQ0Yw Michael, B. (2012). What is Kyoto Protocol? Global warming its our choice. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www.carbonify.com/articles/kyoto-protocol.htm Kyoto Protocol. (2013). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol Kyoto Protocol Toward Climate Stability. (2013) Retrieved March 27, 2013 from http://www.kyotoprotocol.com/ Kyoto Protocol Documents. Retrieved March 30, 2013 from http://unfccc.int/key_document/kyoto_protocol/item/6445.php

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References
Agenda 21 for Dummies. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzEEgt0FFIM Freedom Advocates Document. Understanding Sustainable Development Agenda 21. For the People and their Public Officials. Retrieved from http://www.FreedomAdvocates.org Agenda 21: Summary. Retrieved March 31, 2013 from http://tgmag.ca/enviro/ag16to21_e.html Agenda 21. In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 31, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21

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