Circles Revision

Transformations Intercepts Using the discriminant Chords

From the circle: x2 + y2 = 1

to the circle: (x-1)2 + (y+3)2 = 9

What transformations have occurred? x2 + y2 = 1

Centre (0,0) Radius 1

x2 + y2 = 32
Centre (0,0) Radius 3

(x-1)2 + (y+3)2 = 9
(1,-3) Centre (1,-3) Radius 3

ENLARGED BY SCALE FACTOR 3

TRANSLATED BY 1 -3

[]

Where do they intersect?

For the circle: (x-1)2 + (y-3)2 = 9 .. and the line y = x +10

Where do they cross?

Solve simultaneously to find intersect 2 2x +1) + 2 2 (x (x-1) + (y-3) = 9 2 + 14x + 49) = 9 (x y = x +10 Substitute y: 2x2 + 12x + 41 = 0 (x-1)2 + (x +10 -3)2 = 9 Solve equation to find intersect (x-1)2 + (x +7)2 = 9

Circle Intersect
Does 2x2 + 12x+41=0 have real roots

Use discriminent b2-4ac

To find out about roots a = [coefficient of x2] = 2 b = [coefficient of x] = 12 c= [constant] = 41

b2 - 4ac = 122 (4 x 2 x 41) = 144 328 = -184

b2 4ac < 0 No roots (solutions)

Circle Intersect
(x-1)2 + (y-3)2 = 9 y = x +10 2x2 + 12x+41=0 has no real roots
-> no solutions; so lines do not cross

What the discriminent tells us b2-4ac > 0 - two solutions - crosses

b2-4ac = 0 - one solution - tangent

b2-4ac < 0 - no solutions - misses

The really important stuff you need to know about chords - but were afraid to ask
A chord joins any 2 points on a circle and creates a segment

centre

The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle

conversely a radius of the circle passing perpendicular to the chord will bisect it

Using these facts we can solve circle problems

(11,14)

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle

The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle

(5,10)

(4,7)
If you find the equation of the two perpendicular bisectors, where they cross is the centre

(8,3)

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle

B (11,14) M A (5,10)

Midpoint (M) of AB is (5 + 11 , 10 + 14) = (8, 12) 2 2

Gradient of AB is : 14 - 10 11 - 5 = 4/6 = 2/3 C

Gradient MC x 2/3 = -1 Gradient MC = -3/2 Equations of form y-y1=m(x-x1)

(4,7)
R

y - 12 = -3/2 (x - 8) Equation of perpendicular y - 12 = -3/2 x + 12 bisector of AB is: y = -3/2 x + 24

S (8,3)

Line goes through (x1,y1) with gradient m

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle

B (11,14)

Midpoint (N) of RS is (4 + 8 , 7 + 3 ) = (6, 5) 2 2

A (5,10)

Gradient of RS is :
= 4/-4 = -1

7-3 4-8

(4,7)
R N

Gradient NC x -1 = -1 Gradient NC = 1 Equations of form y-y1=m(x-x1)

y - 5 = 1 (x - 6) Equation of perpendicular y - 5 = x - 6 bisector of RS is: y = x - 1

S (8,3)

Line goes through (x1,y1) with gradient m

Finding the centre .

y = -3/2 x + 24 (11,14)

If you find the equation of the two perpendicular bisectors, where they cross is the centre
y=x-1 y = -3/2 x + 24

subtract

(5,10)

(4,7)

0 = x - -3/2x -1 - 24

5/2 x -25 = 0 5/2 x = 25 5x = 50 x = 10

y=x-1 (8,3) y = 10 -1 = 9

y=x-1

Centre is at (10,9)