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Heat Transfer/Heat Exchanger
Heat Transfer/Heat Exchanger
Mechanism of Convection
Applications .
Mean fluid Velocity and Boundary and their effect on the rate of heat
transfer.
*n this type( the hot and cold fluid streams do not come
into direct contact with each other. +hey are separated 'y
a tu'e wall or flat plate.
.rinciple of Heat &#chan!er
First aw of +hermodynamic/ Energy is conserved.
generated s
in out
out in
e w q h m h m
dt
dE
& & & & & + + +
,
_
.
out in
h m h m
0
.
0
. & &
h
h
p h h
T C m A Q . . .
&
c
c
p c c
T C m A Q . . . &
0
0 0 0
Control Volume
Q
h
Cross Section Area
HO
CO!"
hermal #oundary !ayer
Q hot Q cold
T
h
T
i,wall
T
o,wall
c
$egion I % Hot !i&uid'
Solid Convection
(E)O(*S !A) O+
CCO!I(,
dq
x
= h
h
. T
h
T
iw
( )
.dA
$egion II % Conduction
Across Copper )all
+O-$IE$*S !A)
dq
x
= k.
dT
dr
$egion III% Solid .
Cold !i&uid
Convection
(E)O(*S !A) O+
CCO!I(,
dq
x
= h
c
. T
ow
T
c
( )
.dA
THERMAL
BOUNDARY LAYER
Energy moves from hot fluid
to a surface by convection,
through the wall by
conduction, and then by
convection from the surface to
the cold fluid.
V = volumetric flowrate
u = average mean velocity
q
x
= hAT
q
x
= hA(T
w
T)
q
x
=
k
A(T
w
T)
h
9e!ion * / Hot iquid :
%olid Convection
T
h
T
iw
=
q
x
h
h
.A
i
q
x
= h
hot
. T
h
T
iw
( )
.A
9e!ion ** / Conduction
Across Copper 1all
q
x
=
k
copper
.2L
ln
r
o
r
i
T
o,wall
T
i,wall
=
q
x
.ln
r
o
r
i
k
copper
.2L
9e!ion *** / %olid :
Cold iquid Convection
T
o,wall
T
c
=
q
x
h
c
.A
o
q
x
= h
c
T
o,wall
T
c
( )
A
o
/
T
h
T
c
= q
x
1
h
h
.A
i
+
ln
r
o
r
i
k
copper
.2L
+
1
h
c
.A
o
q
x
=U.A. T
h
T
c
( )
4
4
.
ln .
.
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
T
h
T
c
=
q
x
R
1
+ R
2
+ R
3
U =
1
A.R
r
o
r
i
Calculatin! ; usin! o! Mean +emperature
cold hot
dq dq dq
c h
T T T
c h
dT dT T d ) (
h
h
p h h
dT C m dq . .
&
c
c
p c c
dT C m dq . .
&
Hot Stream %
Cold Stream%
,
_
c
p c
c
h
p h
h
C m
dq
C m
dq
T d
. .
5 7
dA T U dq . .
,
_
+
c
p c
h
p h
C m C m
dA T U T d
.
4
.
4
. . . 5 7
,
_
6
4
6
4
.
.
4
.
4
.
5 7
A
A
c
p c
h
p h
T
T
dA
C m C m
U
T
T d
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
out
c
in
c
out
h
in
h c h
T T T T
q
A U
T T
q
A U
T
T
< < < < = > ? > < =
>
> . . .
ln
4
6
,
_
6
4
6
4
. .
5 7
A
A
c
c
h
h
T
T
dA
q
T
q
T
U
T
T d
,
_
4
6
4 6
ln
.
T
T
T T
A U q
!og 0ean emperature
CO( C-$$E( +!O)
,
_
4
6
4 6
ln
T
T
T T
T
Ln
@ 8 4
T T T T T
in
c
in
h
4A B 6
T T T T T
out
c
out
h
CO-(E$ C-$$E( +!O)
4A B 6
T T T T T
in
c
out
h
@ 8 4
T T T T T
out
c
in
h
U =
& m
h
.
&
C
p
h
. T
3
T
6
( )
A.T
Ln
=
& m
c
.
&
C
p
c
. T
7
T
10
( )
A.T
Ln
T1
T2
T4 T5
T3
T7 T8 T9
T10
T6
Counter - Current Flow
T1
T2
T4 T5
T6
T3
T7
T8 T9
T10
Parallel Flow
!og 0ean emperature evaluation
T
1
A
1 2
T
2
T
3
T
6
T
4
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
T
10
Wall
T1
T2
A
A
1 2
T
1
A
1 2
T
2
T
3
T
6
T
4
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
T
10
Wall
q = h
h
A
i
T
lm
T
lm
=
(T
3
T
1
) (T
6
T
2
)
ln
(T
3
T
1
)
(T
6
T
2
)
q = h
c
A
o
T
lm
T
lm
=
(T
1
T
7
) (T
2
T
10
)
ln
(T
1
T
7
)
(T
2
T
10
)
Nu = f (Re,Pr, L/ D,
b
/
o
)
"I0E(SIO(!ESS A(A!1SIS O CHA$ACE$I2E A HEA E3CHA(,E$
. . v
!
C
p
.
!
h.
Nu = a.Re
b
.Pr
c
Further Simplifiatio!"
Can #e O4tained from 5 set of experiments
One set6 run for constant 7r
And second set6 run for constant $e
q =
k
A(T
w
T)
h
Nu=
D
Em(irical Correlation
4E . A
8 D 4 F . A
. .r . 9e . A6B . A
,
_