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CH 8
CH 8
8.1 Introduction
Methods of analysis have been developed that allow us to approach in a systematic manner a network with any number of sources in any arrangement.
The methods
Current Sources
A
current source determines the current in the branch in which it is located The magnitude and polarity of the voltage across a current source are a function of the network to which it is applied
ideal source cannot be converted from one type to the other. All sources whether they are voltage or current have some internal resistance. The equivalence between a current source and a voltage source exists only at their external terminals. A source and its equivalent will establish current in the same direction though the applied load.
or more sources are in parallel, they may be replaced by one current source having the magnitude and direction of the resultant, which can be found by summing the currents in one direction and subtracting sum of currents in the opposite direction. The new parallel internal resistance is the total resistance of the resulting parallel resistive elements.
Current
the branch-current method is mastered there is no linear dc network for which a solution cannot be found. This method will produce the current through each branch of the network, the branch current . Once this is known, all other quantities, such as voltage or power, can be determined.
Branch-Current Analysis
Steps required for this application
1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
Assign a distinct current of arbitrary direction to each branch of the network Indicate the polarities for each resistor as determined by the assumed current direction Apply Kirchhoffs voltage law around each closed, independent loop of the network Apply Kirchhoffs current law at the minimum number of nodes that will include all the branch currents of the network Solve the resulting simultaneous linear equations for assumed branch currents
b.
configurations are encountered in which the resistors do not appear to be in series or parallel; it may be necessary to convert the circuit from one form to another to solve for the unknown quantities if mesh and nodal analysis are not applied.
Two
circuit configurations that often account for these difficulties are the wye (Y) and delta () configurations. They are also referred to as tee (T) and the pi () configurations.
-Y (-T) Conversion
Note
that each resistor of the Y is equal to the product of the resistors in the two closest branches of the divided by the sum of the resistors in the .
Y- (T-) Conversion
Note that the value of each resistor of the is equal to the sum of the possible product combinations of the resistances of the Y divided by the resistance of the Y farthest from the resistor to be determined.
8.13 Applications
Constant current alarm system
Current is constant through the circuit, regardless of variations in total resistance of the circuit. If any sensor should open, the current through the entire circuit will drop to zero.
Applications
Wheatstone